Viloyati Odessa

Odessa, viloyatest dar hayati RSSU. 27 fevral 1932 tashkil shudaast. Dar janubi garbii Ukraina voqe ast. Masohat 33,3 hazor kilometr². Aholiash 2544 hazor nafar (1979). Az jihati mamuri ba 26 rayon, 14 shahr va 29 ptsh taqsim meshavad. Markazash shahri Odessa (aqoli 1046, hazor nafar, 1979).

            Tabiat. Qismi ziyodi territoriyai Odessa dar pastkhamii nazdi bahri Siyoh joygir ast, ki on tadrijan ba samti bahri Siyoh past meshavad; dar sohil limanhoi bisyor dorad (kalontarini onho Kuyalniskiy va Hojibey). Dar qismi shpimoli viloyat shokhai silsilai teppai Podolsk (balandiash to 268 metr), ki on obburda va joyhoi chuqur dorad, kashol meyobad. Dar bayni daryohoi Dnestr va Prut, qad-qadi sarhadi PSS Moldaviya teppae voqe ast, ki to 232 metr balandi dorad.

Iqlimash kontinentii mutadil, tobistonash khushk garm, zimistonash kambarfi muloim. Harorati miyonai yanvar az 2° dar Janub to —5°Selsiya dar Shimol; iyul az 21 dar Shimoli Farb to 23®Selsiya dar Janub. Borishoti solona 350—470 millimetr Qismi janubi viloyat beborish. Davrai nashvi rastani 168—200 shaboruz ast. Daryoho ba bahri Siyoh jori meshavand. Daryohoi kalon:   Dunay,

Dnestr, Nadima va Savranka (shokhobi Bugi Janubi). Dar rezishgohi Dunay va Dnestr botloqzor hast. Bisyor daryochahoe hastand, ki tobiston khushk meshavand. Daryohoi kalon ahamiyati muhimi khojagi, kishtigardi, obyori dorand. Kulho: Kagul, Yalput, Katlabukh (shirinob), Sasik, Shagani, Aliboy, Burnas (shurob).

Dar viloyat asosan zaminhoi siyohhoki janubi va muqarrarai kamgumusdor dida meshavand; dar Shimol siyohhoki kamgumusdor va khokistari bartari dorad. Khoki nohiyahoi nazdi bahr siyohu shurzamii. Dar Shimol massivhoi nachandon kaloni besha (bulut, shamshod, shumtol, zayzafun) meruyad. Az hayvonot zargush, yurmon va gayra; az parranda uqobi bahri, uqob,- murgobii gunogui va gayra khast. Daryoho va obi nazdi sohili bahri Siyoh mohii bisyor dorad.

Aholi. Lz nisf ziyodi aholii Odessa ukrainho, inchunin rusho, bulgorho, moldaviho, yahudiyon va digar zindagi mekunand. Zichii miyonai aholy dar 1 kilometr² 74,8 kas. 59%-i aholi dar shahrho iqomat dorad. Shahrhoi kalon: Odessa, Izmail, Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy, Ilichevsk va Kotovsk.

Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti shahrhoi Arsie, Beryozovka, Razdelnaya, Anan­ev bunyod shudand.

            Khojagi. Dar solhop Hokimiyati Soveti Odessa az mintaqai agrarii tanho gallakor ba yake az viloyathoi az jihati iqtisodi mutaraqqii RSSU tabdil yoft. Hajmi u mumii mahsuloti sanoati soli 1973 nazar ba 1940 beshtar az 8 marotiba afzud. Sohahoi sanoati korkardi metall, khurokvori, sabuk va khimiya taraqqi kardaast. Baroi purra kardani tanzimi suzishvoriyu energetika az Do­nesk angisht, az nefteprovoda «Drujba» va az Poltava neft, az Shebelinka gazi tabii megirad. Mahsuloti sanoati moshinsozi va korkardi metall soli 1972 nazar ba 1960 3,5 marotiba afzud.

In sohai sanoat dar Odessa joygir buda, moshinhoi khojagii qishloq, dastgoh, tarozu, kranhoi khudgard va borbardor, kinoap­paratura, baroi sanoati khimiya va poligrafiya va gayra tajhizoti gunogun istehsol mekunad. Dar Odessa, Ilichyovsk, Izmail, Kiliya zavodhoi kishtitamprkuni hastand. Korkhonahoi kaloni sanoati khurokvori va sabuk dar Odessa, Izmail, Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy, Kotovsk, Kiliya, Tatarbunari, Balta. Belgrad voqeand. Sano­ati khimiya asosan bo ashyoi khomi kashondashavanda kor mekunad; dar Odessa korkhonahoi khimiyai neft, super­fosfat, linoleum, rangubor, massahoi plastiki va gayra (asosan dar shahri Odessa) voqeand. Korkhonahoi sanoati sellyulozayu kogaz, masolehi binokori taraqqi kardaast.

Mahsulo­ti sanoati Odessa ba hamai resggublikahoi ittifoqi, inchunin ba bisyor mamlakathoi khoriji barovarda me- shavad. Dar istehsoli mahsuloti umumii khojagii qishloq (solhoi 70) rastanipar- vari 61,8% va chorvodori 38,2% bud. Sohahoi peshqadami khojagi gallakori va chorvoi shiru gushtdeh ast. Soli 1973 dar viloyat 417 kolkhoz (aa jumla 16 kolkhozi mohidori) va 101 sovkhoz bud. Dar viloyat asosan gandum, juvorimakka, az ziroati tekhniki oftobparast, lablabui qand, kartoshka kisht meshavad. Sabzavotkori, ziroati polizi, bogdori, tokdori vusat yoftaast. Soli 1974 viloyat (ba hisobi hazor cap) 402,3 gov, 1449,2 khuk, 1013,6 bu­zu gusfand, 4310,4 murgu murgobi dosht. Tuli rohi ohan 1039 kilometr. Rohhoi asosi:   Moskva — Kiev — Odessa,

Lvov — Odessa, Odessa — Izmail, Odessa — Kotovsk va gayra. Darozii rodhhoi avtomobilgard 8,7 hazor kilometr. Rodhhoi asosi:          Odessa — Leningrad,

Odessa — Kishinyov. Naqliyoti bahri (bandarhoi Odessa, Ilichyovsk, Bel­gorod — Dnestrovskiy) va daryoi bandarhoi Izmail, Reni, Vilkovo, Kiliya) ahamiyati kaloni khojagi dorad. Naqliyoti havoii dokhili Odessaro bo markazhoi rayonho, bo digar shahrho mepayvandad. Yak qismi gazoprovodi Shebelinka — Odessa az terr.itoriyai Odessa meguzarad.

            Sokhtmoni madani  va nigahdorii tandurusti. Soli tahsili 1914/15 dar territoriyai hozirai Odessa 1004 maktabi malumoti umumi, (97,7 hazor tala- ba), 4 maktabi miyonai makhsus (312 talaba), 4 maktabi oli (4066 stu­dent) bud. Soli tahsili 1973/74 dar 1164 maktabi malumoti umumi 407,2 hazor va dar 36 maktabi miyonai makhsus 44,4 hazor talaba, dar 16 mak­tabi oli (Universiteti Odessa, Instituti politekhnikii Odessa, Instituti injeneroni floti bahri, Konservatoriyai Odessa va gayra) 83,2 hazor student tahsil kard. Dar 816 muassisai tomaktaby ziyoda az 90 hazor kudak tarbiya yoft.

Dar Odessa Instituti umumiittifoqii seleksiyayu genetika, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii tokdori va vinoi Ukrai­na, Instituti ilmii virusologiya va epidemiologiyai ba nomi I. I. Mech­nikov, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii kasalihoi chashm va teraniyai boftaho ba nomi V. P. Filatov, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii dastgohu asbobi Uk­raina, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii sa­noati konservi Ukraina, Instituti tadqiqoti ilmii khojagii mohidorii bahrhoi Azovu Siyoh va okeanogra­fiya, Rasadkhonai astronomii Odes­sa va digar muassisahoi ilmi voqe gashtaand. 1 yanvari 1973 dar Odessa 1263 kitobkhonai ommavi, 7 muzey — muzei tarikhi-kishvarshinosi, ar­kheologiya, muzei sanati Garb va Sharq, muzei floti bahrii SSSR (dar Odessa), muzei kishvarshinosii Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy, Muzei A. V. Suvorov dar Izmail, 6 teatr (hamaash dar Odessa), filarmoniyai viloyati, 1055 klub, 1366 dastgohi kinonamoishdihi bud.

Gazetadoi viloyatii «Chornomorska komuna» (az soli 1917), «Komsomol- ska icKpa» (1922; har du ba zaboni ukraini), «Znamya kommuni» (1938) ba zaboni rusi nashr meshavand. Barnomahoi radio va akhboru namoishhoi televizion ba zabonhoi ukraini, ru­si va moldavi burda meshavad. To 1 yanvari 1973 dar Odessa 237 muassisai tabobatii doroi 26,5 hazor kat (10,8 kat ba 1 hazor kas) bud; 10,0 hazor dukhtur (1 dukhtur ba 247 kas) ba aholi khizmat merasond. Kurorthoyash khele mamuland.