Viloyati Nikolaev

Nikolaev, viloyat dar janubi RSSU. 22 sentyabri 1937 tashkil shudaast. Masohatash 24,7 hazor km². Aholiash 1242 hazor nafar (1979). Ba 19 rayon taqsim shuda, 7 shahr, 20 ptsh dorad. Markazash shahri Nikolaev. Bo ordeni Le­nin (4 noyabri 1958) mukofotonida shudaast.

Tabiat. Territoriyai viloyat asosan hamvor buda, az Shimolu ba Janub ba sui bahri Siyoh past meshavad (balandiash 20— 40 m). Qismi ziyodi territoriyaro pastkhamii nazdi bahri Siyoh ishgol kardaast. Iqlimash kontinentii mutadil. Tobistonash garm, sershamol, zud-zud garmsel mevazad; harorati miyonai mohi garmtarin (iyul) 27° S. Zimistonash kambarf, chandon khunuk ne, harorati miyonai mohi khunuktarin (yanvar) —4—5° S. Borishoti solona dar Janub 300—350 mm, dar Shimol to 450 mm. Davrai nashvi rastani 210 shabonaruz. Sohili bahri Siyoh bo limanhoi Bug, Berezan, Tuzlov, Tiligul, Dneprovsk mashhur ast. Daryohoi kalon: Bugi Janubi, Ingul va Ingules. Jismi shimolii Nikolaev siyohkhok, janub siyohkhoki dorchinii baland ast. Khoki mavzehoi sohilhoi daryo va bahr qumdor. Nabototi tabiii dashti tanho dar nishebii jariho boqi mondaast. Taqriban 2%’ territoriyaro besha pushondaast (bulut, barglarzon, zarang, tus va gayra). Beshahoi Katerinovsk va Voznesonsk tahti nazorat va mudofizati davlat meboshand. Az hayvonot: ruboh, zargush, kallamush, yurmon; az parrandaho bedona,dug-dog, tazarv, kabk, murgobii yoboi va qozi khokistarrang, loykhurak, sufiturgay va gayra duchor meoyad.

Aholi. Dar Nikolaev ukrainho (rusho (16,1%) va digar khalqho zindagi mekunand. Zichin miyonai aholi dar 1 km² 47,8 kas (1973). Aholii shahri 57% (1973). Shahrhoi kalontarin: Ni­kolaev, Pervomaysk, Voznesensk, Snigiryovka, Ochakov, Noviy Bug va gayra.

Khojagi. Sohahoi asosii sanoat — moshinsozi, korkardi metall va az on jumla kishtisozi. Dizelho, gid­roapparatura, tajhizoti murakkabi energetiki, konstruksiyahoi metalli va gayra istehsol karda meshavad. 3avodi «Dormashina» (Nikolaev), buldozerho, moshinhoi asfaltkhoboni va digar moshinhoi rohsozi mebarorad. Badi jang zavodi «Fregat»-i Pervomaysk, zavodi sementi Olipansk va gayra sokhta shudand. Sanoati khurokvori niz ta­raqqi kardaast (34% istehsoli gusht, shir, ord, konsarva va qandro tashkil medihad). Dar rayonhoi janubi vino, obhoi minerali (Snigiryovka) istehsol mekunand. Kombinai trikotaji, fabrikahoi duzandagiyu poyafzol, zavodi kanab mavjudand. Sanoati masolehi binokori 5,9% mahsuloti sanoatiro medihad (blokhoi devori,sement, ohak, khisht, sangi khoro va gayra).

Dar nohiyahoi sohili bahri Siyoh ziroati tekhniki va chorvoi gushtu shirdeh parvarish karda meshavad. Soli 1974 Nikolaev 108 sovkhoz, 221 kolkhoz va 7 kolkhozi mohidori dosht. Dar viloyati gandumi tiramohi, javi bahori, juvorimakka, oftobparast, lablabui qand kisht mekunand. Bogdori, tokparvari va obchakori khub ba roh monda shudaast. Sohai asosii chorvodori — parvarishi chorvoi gushtu shirdeh. Parvarishi khuk, gusfand va murg niz taraqqi kardaast. Az bahri Siyoh, az limanho va daryohoi Bugi Janubi, Ilgul va Ingules mohi medorand. Tuli rohi ohan 760 km (4973). Darozii rohi avtomobilgard 8,0 hazor km. Az territoriyai Nikolaev rohi ohan Nikolaev — Znamenka (viloyatro bo Moskva, Kiev va digar shahrho mepayvandad), Odessa—Voznesensk—Bakhmach—Moskva va gayra meguzarad. Naqliyoti bahri ahamiyati kalon dorad. Nikolaev va Ochakov shahrhoi bandariand. Bugi Janubi, Ingul va Ingu­les (dar poyonob) kishtigardand. Nikolaev bo bisyor shahrhoi Ittifoqi Soveti bo rohi havoi aloqamand ast. Soli tahsili 1914—1915 dar territoriyai viloyati 740 maktabi malumoti umumi, asosan maktabi ibtidoi (qarib 68 hazor -talaba, 4 omuzshigohi miyonai makhsus bud, maktabi oli nabud. Soli 1972 dar 611 muassisai tomaktabi 51,5 hazor kudak tarbiya meyoft. Soli tahsili 1973/74 dar 872 maktabi malumoti umumi qarib 213 hazor, dar 32 omuzishgohi kasbhoi tekhniki 14,4 hazor, dar 15 omuzishgohi miyonai makhsus 15,2 hazor khonanda tahsil mekard. Dar instituthoi kishtisozi va pedagogi (Nikolaev), dar fakulteti umumitekhnikii Instituti tekhnologii sanoati yakhdini Odessa (Pervomaysk), fakulteti injeneroni sokhtmoni Instituti injeneroni sokhtmoni Odessa va dar fakulteti madani-marifatii Instituti madaniyati Kiev (Nikolaev) 11,9 hazor stu­dent tahsil mekard.

Dar Nikolaev shubai Sarrasadkhonai ast­ronomii AF SSSR voqe ast. To 1 yanvari 1973 dar Nikolaev 676 kitobkhonai ommavi, muzei kishvarshinosi va Muzei sanati badeii ba nomi V. V. Vereshagin (dar Nikolaev), teatri dramai rusi, Teatri dramai musiqii ukraini, Teatri lukhtak, 658 klub, 826 dastgohi kinonamoishdidi, 21 khonai pioneron, 13 maktabi sportii bachagona va gayra kor mekardand.

Gazetahoi viloyati ba zaboni uk­raini «Pidenna pravda» («Haqiqati janub», az 1917), gazetai komsomolii «Leshnske plemya» («Nasli lenini»), az 1920, ba zaboni rusi «Yuj­naya pravda» (az 1038) nashr meshavand. Az Moskva va Kiev barnomahoi radio va televizion shunavonida va namoish doda meshavand. To 1 yanvari 1973 dar Nikolaev 124 muassisai tabobatii doroi 12,6 hazor kat bud (10,7 kat ba 1 hazor aholi), 2,7 hazor dukhtur kor mekard (1 dukhtur ba 434 nafar aholi). Nikolaev sanatoriyayu khonahoi istirohati dorad.