USTADON

USTADON, zarfest baroi ustukhoni mayit, mukhafafi ustukhondon. Ustvdon gunogonshakl buda, az safol yo gach sokhta meshud va ajdodi tojikon dar zamonhoi toislomi ustukhoni az gushtu pust tozashudai mayitro dar on nigoh medoshatand. Ustadon bori avval dar Osiyoi miyona soli 1871 az Toshkent yoft shud. Dar natijai hafriyoti arkheologi az boshishgohhoi Sugd qisman az Panjakent) va digar nohiyahoi Osiyoi Miyona ustadonhoi bisyore yoft shudand, ki ba asrhoi 4 to melod— asri 8 melodi taalluq dorand. Odati dafni ustadoni az dini qabilahoi eroniyoni qadim baromada, dertar ba zardushti roh yoftaast. Muvofiqi asotiri in dinho guyo ustukhoni insonro Ahuramazdo, gushtu pustashro Ahriman ofarida boshand. Baroi harom nakardani se mabdai muqaddas — otash, khok va ob suzondan, guronidan yo ba ob partoftani jasad mamnu bud. Binobar in ustukhoni mayitro az gushtu pust toza karda baroi pos doshtan nigoh medoshtand. Ustukhoni jasadro dar davrahovu mahalhoi mukhtalif ba tarzhoi gunogun az gusht toza mekardaand: jasadro dar joi khilvat yo dakhma meguzoshtand, to hayvonoti vahshi yo loshakhurho gushtu pustashro khurand. Bazan kheshu tabor yo nazdikoni mayit jasadro az gushtu pust toza karda, bad ba ustadon meguzoshtand.
Ustadon yodgorii barjastai marosimi dafn va sarchashmai muhimmi omuzishi hayoti manavii guzashtagoni khalqi tojik ast.
B. Ya. Staviskiy.