URDUN

URDUN, Shohii HoshimiiUrdun davlatest dar Sharqi Nazdik Masohat 95,4 hazor km2 (besh az 6,6 hazor km2-i onro soli 1967 davlati Isroil ishgol kardaast). Aholiash 3,5 mln nafar (okhiri 1982), az jumla 0,85 mln nafar dar hududi ishgolkardai Isroil eindagi mekunand. Qarib 95% aholi arabhoand, boqimonda — armaniho, forsho, turkho, kurdho va gayra. Zaboni rasmi — arabi. Dini davlati — islom. Poytakhtash shahri Ummon. Sokhti davlatii Urdun mutlaqiyati konstitusionist. Sardori davlat — shoh. Organi qonunbaror — Majlisi milli. Qismi ziyodi Urdunro pahnkuhho ishgol kardaand. Balandiashon az sathi bahr andaryak 500—1000 m (nuqtai az hama balandash kuhi Ram; 1754 m). Dar garbi mamlakat pastkhamie voqest, ki dar hududi on vodii daryoi Urdun va yo Mayit joy giriftaand. Iqlimash khushki subtropikist. Harorati miyonai yanvar 8—14°S, iyul 24—30°S. Borishoti solona az 100 mm to 700 mm. Nabototash asosan nimbiyoboni va biyobonist; dar vohaho nakhlzorho hastand.

Dar zamonhoi qadim dar hududi hozirai Urdun qabilahoi somii khanaanayho zindagi mekardand. Urdun az asri 7 ba hayati Khilofati Arab va az ibtidoi asri 16 to soli 1918 ba hayati Imperiyai Usmoni dokhil bud. Badi Jangi yakumi jahoni ba hududi mandatii Britaniyai Kabir dokhil gardid; soli 1921 az on Amorati mandatii Transurdun judo shud. Az soli 1946 davlati shohii mustaqil meboshad. Iyuni 1967 qushunhoi Isroil yak qismi hududi Urdun (sohili garbi daryoi Urdun)-ro zabt namudand. Az soli 1963 Urdun bo SSSR aloqai diplomati dorad.
Asosi iqtisodiyoti mamlakat khojagii qishloq ast. Ziroati asosii khojagii qishloq— gandum, jav. Toku zaytunparvari niz rivoj yoftaast. Gov, ushtur va buzu gusfand meparvarand. Sanoatash az istikhroji fosforit va tahvili neft (az khorija mekashonand) va mahsuloti khojagii qishloq iborat ast. Tuli umumii rohi ohan qarib 500 km, rohhoi avtomobilgard 9,6 hazor km (1984); yagona bandari bahriash Akaba (dar bahri Surkh). Ba khorija fosforit, meva, ravgani zaytun mebarorad. Sharikoni asosii tijoratiash: Arabisgoni Saudi, Suriya, Respublikai Federativii Germaniya. Vohidi pul — dinori Urdun.