UMAROV Sulton Umarovich

UMAROV Sulton Umarovich (11. 8. 1908, shahri Khujand —6. 5. 1964, Dushanbe), fizik, khodimi davlati va jamiyatii sovetii tojik, yake az tashkilotchiyoni ilm dar Tojikiston va Uzbekiston; akad. Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Uzbakiston (1943) va Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston (1957); Khodnmi Khizmatnishondodai Ilmi RSS Tojikiston. Az oilan kosib. Azop KPSS az soli 1943.
Dar Tekhnikumi pedagogii Toshkent (1923—27), Akademiyai pedagogii Samarqand (1927—31) tahsil kardaast. Solhoi 1931—32 ijrokunandai vazifai dosent dar Universiteti davlatii Uebekiston (Samarqand), 1936—41 dosenti fakulteti fizikayu matematikai hamin universitet, 1941—42 jonishini direktor va direktori Instituti davlatii pedagogii Toshkent; rektori Universiteti davlatii Osiyoi Miyona (SAGU, 1942 —43 va 1945—50); Solhoi 1943—45 jonishini Raisi Komissaroni Khalqii RSS Uzbakiston va dar yak vaqt mudiri kafedrai fizikai nazarii SAGU (az soli 1949 professor), 1950—56 mudiri Shubai fizikai nazarii Instituti fizikayu tekhnikai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Uzbakiston; 1956—57 direktori hamin Institut; 1957—64 Prszidenti Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston va mudiri kafedrai fizikai nazarii Universtiteti Davlatii Tojikiston. Asarhoi ilmii Umarov ba mekhanikai statisti, fizikai yadro, elektronikai fiziki, nazariyai asbobhoi nimnoqili va falsafai tabiatshinosi oidand. Solhoi 1951—52 pazariyai Umarov oid ba qonuniyathoi namkashii pakhta va tasiri obi furuburdashuda ba khosiyati elektrikguzaronii nakhhoi vay intishor shud. Dar zaminai nazariyai statistii bugshavi va adsorbsiyai moeho ba hajm vobasta budani buzurgii elektrikguzaronii nakhi pakhta nia manidod karda shud. (Hodisai mazkur dar laboratoriyai Instituti fizikayu tekhnikai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Uzbakiston kashf gardida, tafsiri fizikii onro nazariyotchiyoni institut Umarov va L. G. Gurvich ba uhda doshtand). Natijai tadqiqoti mazkur ahamiyati kaloni ilmiyu amali doshta, dar asosi on dar instituti mazkur asbobi hassosi namisanj sokhta shud.
Minbad Umarov tadqiqotro dar hamin soha davom doda, doir ba hodisahoi fizikii dar qabati sathii jismhoi sakht ruydihanda yak silsila maqolaho navisht. Dar maqolahoi mazkur hisobu kitobi buzurgihoi zerin ba amal barovarda shud: masofai miyonai rohi ozodi elektronhoi sonavi (dubora hosilshuda) dar metallho va dielektrikho va ehtimoli ba vakuum baromadani onho; masofai miyonai rohi ozodi zarrahoi gaz dar surati ob andozai zarfi gazdor barobar budani buzurgii vay; funksiyai taqsimoti ionhoi az sathi metall aksshuda vobasta ba buzurgii energiyaashon va kunjhoi bayni zarrahoyu rui metall dar surati parokanishi chandkaratai ionhoi mazkur va gayra.
Solhoi 50-um Umarov doir ba masalahoi mukhtalifi elektronikai fiziki va nazariyai asbobhoi nimnoqili 15 maqolai ilmi intishor kard. Az jumla 8-toi on, kiy dar zarfi solhoi 1954—57 ba tab rasidaand, ba nazariyai fenomenologii homiloni jarayoni elektr dar jismhoi sakht (mahz nazariyai hodisoti kontakti va elektru garmiguzarony) oidand. Chunonchi, nazariyai kontakti nimnoqil-metall baroi darajai harkhelai ionizonishi atomhoi begona (ba istiloh omekhtaho) mavridi jambandi qaror girift va hamvora khulosahoi navi ilmi barovarda shudaand. Tadqiqoti mazkur korhoi hammazmuni fiziki marufi soveti S. I. Pekar va shogirdoni uro khele inkishof doda, natijahoi onhoro purratar va mukammaltar gardonidaand.
Soli 1957 du maqolai Umarov (yakjoya bo S. Haydarova) chop shud, ki ba nazariyai elektru garmiguzaroni dar nimnoqilho oid bud. Az in pesh dar laboratoriyai Umarov nazariyai fenomenologii garmiyu elektrguzaronii nimnoqilho baroi holati «tafsish»-i gazi elektroni tahiya shuda bud. Bino ba in nazariya, agar az nimnoqil jarayoni puriqtidori elektr guzarad va yo dar daruni on maydoni balandshiddati elektr boshad, buzurgii miyonai energiyai kinetikii homiloni elektr (elektronho yo «surokhiho») khele meafzoyad. In holati makhsusi fizikiro «tafsishot» nom doda budand. Dar surati «tafsishot» bisyor khosiyathoi fizikii nimnoqil (elektrguzaroni, konsentrasiyai homilon, buzurgii «kori baromad»-i onho va gayra) tagyir meyoband. Asbobhoi nimnoqili odatan dar chunin sharoiti khos kor mekunand. Bo vujudi in nazariyai onvaqtai asbobhoi nimnoqili hodisai «tafsishot»-ro ba nazar namegirift va dar natija ba andozae nomukammal memond. Shogirdoni Umarov nazariyai mazkurro inkishof dodand, vale dar hisobi onho takhmin meraft, ki dar nimnoqili «tafsida», faqat ba istiloh markazhon parokanishi jinsi yakum vujud dorand va hol on ki dar asl in tavr nabud. Dar tadqiqoti Umarov (va hamkori u S. Haydarova) boshad, yakbora du markazi parokanish ba hisob girifta shud. Dar natija muallifon ba khulosahoi navi ilmi omadaand. Masalan, dar surati ba nazar giriftani faqat markazhoi parokanishi jinsi yakum hodisai Ettingsgauzen (dar nimnoqile, ki dar maydoni magnitii samtash nisbat ba ravishi jarayoni elektr noqulibuda voqe shudast, nuqtahoi darajai haroratashon gunogun paydo meshavand) ruy namedihad. Lekin dar chahorchubai nazariyai Umarov-Haydarova hodisai mazkur, harchand khele sust boshad ham, vujud dorad. Ba monandi hamin hodisoti Holl, Nerst, Tomson va digar niz mazmunu manii nav paydo kardaand.
Umarov dar sohai falsafai tabiatshinosi (fizika) va tarikhi ilm (osori Abualii Sino) niz tadqiqot burdaast. Umarov inchunin dar dramaturgiya quvvaozmoi kardaast. Pesahoi «Ulmas» (Teatri dramai ba nomi H. Hamzai Toshkent ba sahna guzoshtaast), «Ulugbek», «Odami nomalum», «Dukhtar dar intikhobi shavhar» va «Faylasufi khandida» ba qalami Umarov taalluq dorand. Umarov sher ham menavisht; baze sherhoi uzbekii u surud ham shudaand (musiqii M. Burhonov).
Umarov dar huzuri Prezidiumi Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston komiteti makhsusi terminologiyaro tasis namuda ba tashakkuli istilohoti ilmii tojiki der ilmhoi tabiatshinosi va tekhnika takon dod.
Umarov yake az muassisoni Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Uzbakiston va Instituti fizikayu tekhnikai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Uzbakiston, inchunin bunyodguzori Institutii fizikayu-tekhnikai Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston (holo Instituti fizikayu tekhnikai ba nomi S. U. Umarov) bud.
Umarov vakili Sezdi 22-yumi KPSS, deputati Soveti Olii SSSR (davathoi 5—6), Soveti Olii RSS Uzbakiston(davati 2), azoi Komiteti Markazii Partiyai Komunistii Uzbakiston va Tojikiston bud. Umarov inchunin azoi Komiteti iqtisodii Soveti millathoi Soveti Olii SSSR, Komiteti Mukofoti lenini oid ba ilm va tekhnika dar huzuri Soveti Vazironi SSSR, Komissiyai umumiittifoqii attestasioni (VAK), Soveti mutobiqkunii faoliyati ilmii akademiyahoi respublikahoi ittifoqi, raisi Soveti ilmi oid ba omuzishi quvvahoi istehsolkunandai respublika (SOPS) va sarmuharriri jurnali «Maruzahoi Akademiyai Fanhoi RSS Tojikiston» bud. Bo ordeni Lelin, 2 ordeni Bayraqi Surkhi Mehnat, medalho va Gramotahoi Fakhrii Prezidiumi Sovethoi Olii RSS Uzbakiston va RSS Tojikiston mukofotonida shudaast.
Asarho: Dustii abadi, Stalinobod, 1058; Inkishofi ilm dar Tojikiston, Stalinobod, 1950; Lenin i razvitde sovremennoy fiziki, Dushanbe., 1960; Atom yadro energiyai, Toshkent, 1965; Izbranie tr., Toshkent, 1978.
Adabiyot: Sulton Umarovich Umarov (1908 —64), Biograf spravka i biblioteka rabot. Dushanbe, 1965; Tursunov A., Mardi nekfarjom, Dushanbe, 1967; hamon jo. muallif, Qironi sad, Dushanbe, 1986.
A. Tursunov.