TRAVMATOLOGIYa

TRAVMATOLOGIYa (yunoni trauma, traumatos — jarohat, zarbu lat, oseb …logiya), oseoshinosi, talimotest dar borai zarbu lathoi uzvu boftaho, peshgiri va muolijai onho. Travmatologiya ba manoi vase bisyor masalahoi ilmhoi jarrohi (masalan, jarrohii asab, jarrohii qafasi sina va gayraro vobasta ba mavqei illat dar bar megirad. Ba manoi mahdudash istilyuhi «travmatologiya»-ro baroi ifodai mohiyati sohai tibbi klinikie, ki osebhoi ustukhonho, bandho, mushakho, payvandho, payho va pustro meomuzad, ba kor mebarand. Dar SSSR va baze mamlakatho travmatologiya yakjoya bo ortopediya sohai mustaqili klinikiro tashkil menamoyad. Travmatologiya hamchun asosi jarrohi qadimtarin sohai tib meboshad. Dar jasadhoi mumiyokardashuda (Misri Qadim) va andomhoi boqimondai jangovaron (Rimi Qadim) nishonahoi amali shikastabandi va payvandi ustukhonhoi shikastag jarrohii ustukhonhoi sar va gayra zohir ast. Travmatologiya az ibtidoi paydoish va inkishofi khud az usulhoi jarrohi va gayrijarrohi (konservativi) istifoda mebarad. Asoshoi travmatologiya bori avval dar asarhoi Buqrot mushohida shudaand. Dar inkishofi minbadai Travmatologiya asarhoi Abualii Sino, A. Pare, G. Dyupyuitren, E. O. Mukhin, N. I. Plrogov, A. A. Bobrov, T. Kokher va digar khizmati ziyod kardaand. Dar ibtidoi asri 20 Travmatologiya hamchun sohai mustaqili ilmiyu amalii jarrohi judo shud.

Masalahoi asosii travmatologiyai muosir inhoyand: omukhtani tariqi paydoishi tagyirote, ki dar bofta va uzvho badi osebho ba vujud meoyand; takmili usulhoi muolijal gayrijarrohi va jarrohi; peshgirii illathoe (bodu guborhoe), ki badi zarbu lat paydo meshavand. Dar travmatologiya muolijai gayrijarrohp (jo ba jo kardalp pshkastaloraho, ba joyash andokhtani ustukhoni baromada, guzoshtani bandinaho, gajbandi va gayra) beshtar istifoda meshavad. Dar aksari mamlakatho, az jumla dar SSSR dukhturoni makhsus (travmatolog — ortopedho) yorii travmatologi merasonand. Baroi muolijan osebhoi vazninu murakkab badi solhoi 60 dar SSSR markazhoi travmatologi ba vujud omadand. Dar nazdi poliklinikaho punkt va kabinethoi travmatologi kushoda shudaast. Ba talimi travmatologiya kafedrahoi travmatologiya i ortopedi va jarrohiyai harbii sahroii donishkadahoi olii tibbi mashguland.