TOPOLOGIYa

TOPOLOGIYa (az yunoni toros —joy va …logiya), yak fasli matematikaro nomand, ki mafhumi muttasili — yake az muhimtarin mafhumhoi matematikaro meomuzad. Ba iborai digar, Topologiya mafhumi befosilagiro (ki masalan, dar mafhumi hudud ifoda meshavad) hamajihata tadqiq mekunad. Tipologiyai sathho mahdud nest va zimni in Topologiyai bisyorchena ba miyon omad.
Topologiya hamchun ilm dar asarhoi L. Eyler, B. Riman, J. A. Puankare tashakkul yoftaast. Dar inkishofi minbadai Topologiya va paydoishi shokhahoi navi on matematikoni soveti sahmi muhim guazshtaand. Inkishofi bosurati Topologiya dar choryaki avvali asri 20 bo tashkil shudani maktabi topologhoi Moskva aloqamand ast. Kashfiyothoi muhimmi Topologiya asri 20 ba nomi olimoni soveti vobastaand. Nazariyai umumii chen (P. S. Urison), nazariyai hozirai aksiomatikai fazohoi topologi (P. S. Aleksandrov), nazariyai fazohoi kompakti (Aleksandrov va Urison), teoremaho doir ba zarbi fazohoi kompakti (A. N. Tikhonov), meyori metrikonii fazoho, nazariyai kharakterho (L. S. Pontryagil) va gayra ba vujud ovarda shudand. Topologiya dar digar sohahoi matematika tatbiqi vase dorad va boisi paydoishi shokhahoi navi on gardidaast (nazariyai fazohoi khatti-topologi).