TILLOTEPPA

TILLOTEPPA, mabadi asrhoi 11 —9 to melod va qabristoni asri 1 to mellod— asri 1 melod dar Afgonistoni Shimoli —5 km shimolu garbtari sharqi Shibirgon. Solhoi 1969, 1977—79 az tarafi bostonshinosoni soveti omukhta shudaast.
Mabad dar avval az du tolor — tolori kalon dar Shimol (ziyoda az 400 m2) va tolori hurd dar Janub (taqriban 100 m2) iborat bud. Bolorhoi saqf dar tolori kalon ba nuh sutuni khishti khom va dar tolori khurd ba hamin guna chor sutun takya mekardand. Mabadro baso mustahkam sokhtaand: devorhoi berunii on gafs buda, az har taraf setoi burjhoi mudavvar dorand. Dar devoru burjho tirkashho hastand. Dar markazi tolori kalon osori mehrob yoft shud. Bino az khishti khom va pokhsa bunyod gardidaast.
Dar asrhoi 8—7 to melod dar tolor devorhoi ilovagi paydo shuda onro ba yakchand khonahoi nisbatan khurd taqsim kard va binoi mabad ba qasr tabdil yoft. Dar ahdi Hakhomanishiyon (asrhoi 6—5 to melod) khonaho boz ham maydatar shuda, Tilloteppa ba binoi iqomati mubaddal gasht. Dar okhiri asri 5 to melod mardum Tillotepparo tark kardand va on tadrijan kharob gashta, namudi tepparo girift.
Dar asri 1 to melod 800 m shimolu garbtari Tilloteppa shahri kaloni kushoni, ki holo onro aholii mahalli Emchakteppa menomad, bunyod yoft. Hokimoni viloyat, ki qarorgohashon hamin shahr bud, Tillotepparo qabristoni sulolavi kardaand.
Solhoi 1978—79 az 6 qabri hafrshuda taqriban 20 hazor osori tilloi ba dast omad. Aksari osor shohkorihoi sanati zargarist, Bozyofthoi roje ba sanati zargari, tasviri, epigrafika, urfu odat, din, rasmu oini dafnkuni, jihathoi etnikii dafnshudagon, oid ba sokhti qabru tobuti oniho, sokhti libos, yaroq va bisyor jihathoi digar malumoti garonbaho medihand.
To in dam olimon aqidae doshtand, ki hududi Bokhtar dar ibtidoi milod joi ba ham omekhtashavi va tasirrasonii tamaddunhoi gunogun bud. Bozyofthoi Tilloteppa in fikrro purra tasdiq mekunand (nigared davlati Kushoniyon). Mo dar osori Tilloteppa unsurhoi madaniyati Yunon, Rum, Hind va skifhoro mebinem, ki dar aamlnai ananahoi mahalli ba khud rangu ohangi tozae giriftaand.
Tasvir dar sahifai 368—360.
Adabiyot: Pulodov Avroqi zarrini tarikh, «Sadoi Sharq», N 12, 1979.
U. Pulodov.