TERMOMETRIYa

TERMOMETRIYa (az termo… va …metriya), yak fasli fizikai amaliro guyand, ki tahiyai usulu vositahoi chen kardani haroratro meamuzad. Termometr yak fasli metrologiya niz ba hisob meravad: on masalahoi yagonagi va sahehiyati chenkuniho, muqarrar namudani shkalahoi harorat, sokhtani etalonho, daryofti usulhoi darajabandi va sanjishi asbobhoi haroratsanjro dar bar megirad. Haroratro bevosita chen kardan imkon nadorad: onro az rui tagyir yoftani khosiyathoi fizikii jismho (hajm, fishor, muqovimati elektri va gayra) muayyan mekunand. Usulhoi chen kardani harorat gunogun meshavand; onho ba tarzi kori asbobho, diapazonhoi harorati chenshavanda, sharoiti kor va sahehiyati matlub vobastaand. Asosan du guruh usulhoi chen kardani harorat mamul ast: uslubi kontakti (termometriya) va uslubi gayrikontakti (Termometri afkanishot yo pirometriya).

Dar uslubi kontakti harorati asbobi andozagir boyad bo harorati muhit dar muvozinat boshad. Hamai asbobhoi haroratsanj asosan az du qism — elementi hassos (dar on khosiyathoi termometri ba amal barovarda meshavad) va asbobi andozagir (ba elementi hassos vobasta buda, ifodahoi adadii in khosiyatro chen mekunad) iborat ast. Asbobhoi chenkunandae, ki tavassuti onho qimathoi adadii khosiyathoi termometriro muayyan mekunand (manometr, potensiometr, logometr, millivolgmetrho va gayra), asbobhoi yorirason nomida meshavand. Termomotrhoi tekhniki alohida-alohida darajabandi nashuda, balki bo asbobhoi yorirason mushtarak istifoda meshavand. Baroi yagonagi va sahehiyati chenkunii harorat az etaloni davlatii vohidi harorat kelvin istifoda mebarand, Kimathoi harorati bo etalon muqoisashuda ba asbobhoi namunavi guzaronida shuda, vobasta ba on asbobhoi korii haroratsanj darajabandi va taftish karda meshavand. Termometrhoi muqovimatii az germaniy (1,5— 13,8 K) va platina (13,8—903,9 K (630,7°S)] sokhtashuda, termoparai platinagi (630,7—1064,4°S), platinarodiy (90% Rt, 10%Rd) va pirometri optiki (ziyoda az 1064,4) namunai asbobhoi haroratsanj meboshand.