TERATOLOGIYa

TERATOLOGIYa (az yunoni zishtruy, noqis, mayub va …logiya), ilmero guyand, ki mayubi va nuqsonhoi inkishofi rastani, hayvonot va odamro meomuzad. Teratologiyai hayvonot sokhti nomutadili organizmro, in asosan ba ikhtiloli numui janin vobasta ast, tadqiq mekunad. Baroi tafsiri ilmii Teratologiya kolleksiyahoi teratologi az qadim gun kardashuda kumak merasonand. Yake az chunin kolleksiyahoi avvalinro okhiri asri 17 anatomi gollandi F. Ryoys jam karda bud. Pyotri 1 hangomi dar Gollandiya budanash (1697—98) bo in kollevsiya shinos shud va soli 1747 onro kharida, ba Peterburg ovard. Dar kolleksiyai mazkur, ki chun Kunotkamera mashhur ast, jasadi yak gusolai dusara, du janini tanaashon ba ham chaspoda va gayra hast. Teratologiyai muosir sabab va tarzi ba vujud amadani kasalihoi irsi va nuqsoni inkishofi batni modarii gayriirsiro tadqiq menamoyad. Peshgiri kardani inkishofi nuqsonhoi modarzod dar odamu hayvonot vazifai asosii Teratologiya meboshad. Baroi halli in masala oshkor namudani teratogenhoe (moddahoi khimiyavi yo omilhoi tabiie, ki boisi mayubi megardand), ki ba odam yo hayvonot tasir karda metavonand, ahamiyati kalon dorad, Masalan, tasiri teratogeni doshtan yo nadoshtani haman doruhoi navro pesh az istifoda dar janini hayvonot mesanjand. Moddahai khimiyavii zahrnoki dar khojagii qishloq istifodashavanda niz ba nazorati teratologi meguzarand.

Teratologiyai rastaniho nuqsonhoi irsiyu gayriirsi va inkishofi nodurustro, ki boisi tagyiroti miqdor, hajm, joygirshaviyu sokhti uzvho va gayra megardad, meomuzad. Sababhoi zuhuroti teratologi: siroyati virusho, mikolaamaho, baksteriyaho, zanburugho, zararrasonii nematodaho, kanaho, hasharot, duragakuni, afkanishoti nonatasiyakunanda, omilhoi geofiziki, nuriho, peotisodho, haroravi baland yo past, ziyod yo kam budani obu rushnoi va gayra.

Tadqiqoti inkishofi teratoloti baroi tahlili tahavvuli morfofiziologi rastavi va (muqarrar namudani qonuniyathoi patologiyai muqoisavii organizmhoi naboti (bo maqsadi seleksiya, muayyan namudani rohhoi ziyod kardani hosili nabotot, muhofizati onho az hasharotu mikrobhoi zararason, bemariho, hangomi justujui sarvathoi tabiat va sanjishi biologii moddahoi khimiyavi va gayra) muhim ast.