TEOSOFIYa

TEOSOFIYa (az yunoni theos — khudo va sofia — kharid), ba maim vaseash talimoti diniyu irfoniest, ki ba kashfi «sirru asrori» ilohi iddao dorad. Dar «Areopagitikho» (asarhoi diniyu falsafii faylasufi yunon Dionisiy) Teosofiya murodifi teologiya meboshad. Vale dar bayni onho farq hast. Teologiya dar marifatu isboti khudo manbahoi muqaddas, arkon, rusumu ahkomi dini na gayra boshad, beshtar marifati irfoniro asos mekunad. Goyahoi Teosofiya dar talimoti giostisizm, navaflotuniya, qabbala, baze firqahoi gunoguni dini masehi va gayra mushohida meshavad. Sistemai talimoti teosofiyaro E. P. Slavatskaya (1831—91)va payravoni u ba vujud ovardaand, ki az unsurhoi dinhoi barahmaniya, buddoiya, hinduiya, okkultizm va gnostisizm tarkib yoftaast. E. P. Blavatskaya va payravoni u bo maqsadi ba vujud ovardani dini yagonai umumijahoni jamoati makhsusi teosofiro tasis namudani (soli 1875 dar Nyu-York, minbad soli 1879 markazi on ba Madrasi Hinduoton kuchonida shud). Muvofiqi aqidai onho, maqsadi nihoii inson donistani ilmi gayb ast, ki bo rohi makhsusi irfoni ba dast meoyad va on tanho ba ashkhose muyassar megardad, ki az ayshu ishrati dunyavi dur shuda, az lihozi manavi kamol yoftaast. Dar mamlakathoi Sharqi musulmoni goyai Teosofiya dar jarayonhoi dini irfonii tasavvuf, ismoiliya va gayra mushohida megardad. Az jumla dar tasavvuf zikr shudaast, ki marifati olloh ba vositai ahkomu marosimhoi dini islom muyassar namegardad, lekin payravi ba onho zinai avvali etiqod ast; ehtiyoj ba zinahoi badina, yane shariatu tarisatu asisat mavjud ast va inson pas az tay namudani onho haqiqati ilohiro dark karda metavonad. Nazariyai onho doir ba fano va baqo asosi aqidai payvast shudani inson bo khudost. Az in jo maqsadi asosii hayot tavhid ast, ki onro ba rohi tariqat daryob kardan mumkin ast. Donishi haqiqi dar borai vahdati vujud az zinai ilmulyasiya ogoz shuda, dar zinai aynulyasiya mukammal megardad. Dar in zina inson vujudi khudoro dark mekunad va nihoyat, ba darajai haqqulyaqin merasad va az asrori ilohi ogoh shuda ba darajai hulul meoyad. Sistemai teosofii tasavvuf az Robial Adviya (713—801), Mansuri Halloj (858 —921) ogoz yofta, minbad dar talimoti namoyandagoni barjastai on Abusaidi Abulkhayr (967—1049), Sulami, Haraqoni (vafot 1033), Ansori, Ibni Arabi, Sanoi, Attor, Abdulqodiri Geloni, Abdurahmonl Jomi, Yusufi Qarobogi va digaron inkishof yoftaast. «Fusus-ul-hiqam», «Tazkirat-ul-avliyo», «Masnavii manavi», «Hadiqat-ulaqoiq», «Yusuf va Zulaykho», «Nafahot-ul-uns min qudarat ul-quds», «Tukhfat-ul-Ahror» va gayra muhimtarin osori tasavvufi meboshand, ki dar rushdi Teosofiya sufiya tasiri ziyode dorand.

Teosofiya to imruz dar shaklhoi gunogun vujud dorad, ki antroposofiya va mistisizm (irfon)-i muosir navhoi on meboshand.

Adabiyot: Odilov N., Chahonbinii Jaloliddini Rumi Dushanbe, 1065.

S. Ahmadov.