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TELEMEKhANIKA

TELEMEKhANIKA (az tele… va …mekhanika), yak sohai ilmu tekhnikai irsolu qabuli informasiya (signal)-i idora va nazorati fosilaviro meomuzad. Telemekhanika az digar sohahoi ilm va tekhnika (telefoniya, telegrafiya, televizion va gayra), ki uslub va amalhoi ba masofa irsol namudani informasiyaro dar bar megirand, bo chunin khosiyathoyash farq mekunad: irsoli malumoti khele sust tagyiryobanda, zaruriyati irsoli sahehtari buzurgihoi chenshavanda (to 0,1%), irsoli boetimodi amrhoi idora (ehtimoliyati paydoishi amri khato boyad az 10-6-10-1010 kalon naboshad); zudkori, saviyai balandi avtomatonii prosesshoi girdovari va istifodai informasiya; mutamarkazii korkardi informasiya.

telemehanika

Sistemahoi telemekhanika dar sanoati atom, baze korkonahoi sanoati khimiya va idorai obekthoi kayhoni (raketa, lunokhod va gayra) istifoda meshavand. Odatan, tavassuti telemekhanika agregatho, moshinho, dastgohho va digar obekthoero, ki az yakdigar dar masofai dur joy megirand (masalan, vodoprovod, gazoprovod, nefteprovod, sistemahoi energetiki, naqliyoti rohi ohan, stansiyahoi meteorologi) az punkthoi idora (PI) yo punkti dispetcheri (PD) idora va nazorat menamoyand. Masofai bayni punkti nazorati va PI az dahho m(masalan, idorai krani binokori) to sadho hazor km (masalan, idorai stansiyai avtomatii baynisayyoravi) meshavad. Baroi intiqoli signali telemekhanika khathoi aloqa (simin va kabeli), radiokanalho, kanalhoi optiki, gidravliki va akustiki va khathoi elektr istifoda meshavand. Majmui olothoero, kn tavassuti onho odam obektro idora va nazorat mekunad, sistemai telemekhaniki (STM) menomand. STM-e, ki faqat baroi idora yo nazorati obekt istifoda meshavad, muvofiqan teleidora (TI) yo telenazorat (TI) nom dorad.

Istilohi Telemekhanikaro olimi fransavi E. Branli soli 1905 pesh nihod. Avvalho bo radio idora namudani obekthoi sayyori harbiro telemekhanika nomidand. Solhoi 20 asri 20 Telemekhanika bori avval bo maqsadhoi osoishta dar naqliyoti rohi ohan istifoda gardid. Soli 1930 dar SSSR nakhustin dar jahon radiozonde sar doda shud, ki bo olathoi teleandozagiri jihozonida shuda bud. Istehsoli vositahoi telemekhanika bori aaval soli 1950 dar zavodi «Elektropult» ba roh monda shud. Solhoi 1965—56 dar SSSR nakhustin sistemai elektronii teleandozagiri tahiya shud.

Telemekhanika dar tadqiqoti kayhon roli kalon mebozad. Ba vositahoi telemekhanika obekthoi kayhoni (radifhoi masnui Zamin, stansiyai avtomatii baynisayyoravi, apparathoi parishi kayhoni va gayra az Zamin idora meshavand. TI va teleandozagiri, ki dar aviasiya, tekhnikai raketi va kishtihoi kayhoni istifoda meshavand, radioidora va radiotelemetriya nom giriftaand.

Инчунин кобед

samolyot

SAMOLYOT

SAMOLYOT, apparati parishi muharriku boldori vaznintar az havoet, ki baroi parvoz dar atmosfe¬ra tain shudaast. …