TAVROT

TAVROT, yak qismi Bibliya, majmui navishtajoti muqaddasi dini yahudiro nomand, ki dar masehiyat niz muqaddas donista meshavad. Ba zaboni yahudii qadima va qisman oromi (bayni asrhoi 12—2 to melodi) talif shudaast.

Solhoi 90—100 milodi hamchun majmui yagona tahiya gardidaast. Muvofiqi dastkhathoi mahfuzmonda Ahdi Qadim az 39 kitob iborat buda,on niz dar bayni mardum bo nomi Tavrot malum ast va ba se taqsim meshavad: 1. Panjkitobai Muso (Takvin, Khuruj, Liviyon, Adod, Tavriti musanno); 2. Maktuboti paygambaron (kitobi Yasui bani Navin, ki mazmunan ba Tavriti musanno qarobat dorad. Quzoti bani Isroil, kutubi 1—2-i Sulaymon, kutubi 1—2-i muluk, Ishiyo, Irmiyo, Hazqil, inchunin 12 paygambaroni «sarir» — Hushiyo, Iuiil, Amos, Avbdiyo, Ionoh, Mikoh, Nohum, Habquq, Safniyo, Hagiy, Zakariyo, Malakhiyo); 3. Maktuboti tarikhi yo rivoyot (Zabur, amsoli Sulayman, kitobhoi Ayub, surudi Sulaymon yo Nashid an-noshid, Ruf, niyohoti Irmiyo, Voizi nomii Sulaymon, Istir, Doniyol, Uzro, Nakhmiyo kutubi 1—2-i tavorikhi ayyom).
Ibodati masehi az tarjumai yunoni, lotini, slavyanii qadim va zaboni hozlrai Tavrot istifoda mebarad. Asosi in tarjumaho tarjumai qadamai yunonist. Dastkhathoi Qumron nuskhai asli baze kitob va porchahoi Tavroti tomasoretiro oshkor vamudand. Tavrot aslan majmui ejodiyoti dahonii qabilayu khalqiyathoi Sharqi Nazdik buda, faqehonu ilohiyotshinosoni yahudiyu masehi onro chandin bor dar ruhiyai dini tahriru tahiya kardaand.
Tavrot sharhi voqeahoi jamiyatiyu umumikhalqi, padidahoi muhimmi maishatu zindagii ashkhosi alohida, taamuli zamona, munosibathoi ijtimoi, jangi bayni davlatho va qabilaho, ravobiti bayniqabilaviyu bayvidavlatii hazorai yakumi to melodro darbar girifta. tamomi zindagii jamiyatiyu shakhsi, masalahoi siyosi, oilaviyu maish2iro az nazari dini tabir namudaast. Dar Tavrot voqoayu hodisahoi tarikhii aslan ba yahudiyon va qioman ba khalkhoi digari qadimi sohpli bahri Miyonazamin mansub darj gardidaand. Dar Tavrot amru nishondodhoi tibbi qadima niz mushohida meshavand.
Matnhoi dinii Tavrot na az shuhrati ilohi, balki az siyosati kohinon va sehru khurofoti qadima hikoyat mekunand. Dar Tavrot afsonahoi khalqi (gunahkorii Odamu Havvo), andeshahoi falsafi, amrhoi marosimi, mujizoti sershumori dini niz inikos bftaand. Masalahoi akhloqiyu hayoti niz dar Tavrot tabir shudaand: dar Khuruj gufta shudaast, ki farzandon to se nasl baroi gunohi padaron javobgarand. Vale muvofiqi farmudai Sulaymon (18, 20) baroi gunoh tanho ruhi gunahkor badi favti jism javob meguyad. Hamai in davol azaliyati tavhidi yahudiyon va ofarida budani Tavrotro sarfi nazar menamoyad. Tasiri kitobhoi alohidai Tavrot dar Quron khele ziyod buda, irsiyati talimoti diniro tasdiq menamoyad.
S. Akhmedov, A. Sharifov.