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TAShKILI HARAKATI NAQLIYOT

TAShKILI HARAKATI NAQLIYOT, tashkili harakati naqliyoti avtomobili, majmui tadbirhoero guyand, ki dar rohho bo surati matlub harakat kardani vositahoi naqliyot va bekhatarii onro tamin menamoyad. Dar Konferensiyai TDM (Bena, 1968) shartnomahoi baynalkhalqi — «Konvensiya oid bd harakati naqliyot» va «Konvensiya dar borai alomat va ishorathoi roh» qabul shudaand, ki dar onho tajribahoi peshqadami mamlakathoi Evropa dar Tashkili ilmii naqliyot inikos yoftaand. SSSR in shartnomahoro imzo kardaast; dar SSSR vazifai asosii Tashkili ilmii naqliyot inhoand: ba ronandagon va piyodagardho omuzonidani qoidahoi harakat, etirofi qoidahoi harakati naqliyot va hatman rioya namudani on, behtar namudani sharoithoi roh va takmili vositahoyu tanzimi harakati naqliyot. Ba ishtirokkunandagoni harakati naqliyot (ronakdagon, piyodagardho, passajirho) yak qator talabot peshnihod meshavad, ki onho dar qoidahoi harakati roh va digar hujjatho ifoda yoftaand.

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Masalan, har shakhsi 18-sola, ki dar Inspeksiyai davlatii avtomobili (GAI) ham nazariyavi va ham amali (dar idora kardani vositai naqliyot) az sanjish guzashtaast, metavonad ronandan avtomobil shavad. Ba gayr az on, salomatii har yak ronanda boyad talaboti makhsusi tibbiro qone gardonad. Inkishofi harakati naqliyot, murakkab shudani vazi rohho vodor mekunad, ki ba piyodagardho ham qoidahoi oddii behatari omuzonda shavad; baroi rioya nakardani sharthoi qabulshudai harakati naqliyot na faqat ronandagon, balki digar ishtirokchiyoni harakati naqliyot ba javobgarii mamuri va agar on ba oqibathoi nokhush va falokat ovarda rasonad ba javobgarii jinoyati kashida meshavand. Baroi tashkili durusti harakati naqliyot «Qoidaho va normahoi sokhtmon», ki dar asosi onho shabakai rohhoi mamlakat ba loiha girifta va sokhta meshavand, inchunin standarthoi bekhatarii avtomobilsozi ahamiyati kalon dorand. Onho tadbirhoi zarurii tekhnikiro oid ba behtar namudani sharoithoi roh va takmili sokhti vositahoi naqliyot amali megardonand. Durustii vositahoi naqliyot dar zeri nazorati GAI meboshad. Tashkili ilmii naqliyot dar SSSR ba tadqiqoti qonuniyathoi harakati naqliyot vobasta buda, peshomadhoi inkishofi naqliyoti avtomobiliro ba nazar megirad.

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SAMOLYOT

SAMOLYOT, apparati parishi muharriku boldori vaznintar az havoet, ki baroi parvoz dar atmosfe¬ra tain shudaast. …