TARMEVA

TARMEVA, mevahoi taru khurdanbobi rustanihoi kishta va khudruyro guyand. Tarmeva tukhmdor (seb, nok, bihi), donakdor (zardolu, olu, gelos, olubolu, shaftolu va gayra), sitrusi (aflesun, limu, noranj, greypfrut va gayra), subtropikiyu tropiki (anjir, anor, nagzak (mango), ananas, muz (banan), avokado) va gujummevador (qot, marminjon, bektoshi, angur, va gayra) meshavad. Tarmevaro khojagihoe, ki ba bogdori mash- guland, istehsol mekunand. Samarai ziroathoi polizi (kharbuza, tarbuz, bodiring) niz tarmeva ast. Tarmeva chun gizoi inson ahamiyati kalon dorad. Tami khush va qimati biologii Tarmeva ba miqdori moddahoi sudbakhshi tarkibashosh vobasta ast.

Dar Tarmeva vitamin bisyor ast: kislotai askorbin (vitamini S), vitamini R, karotin (provitamini A). Dar Tarmevai sitrusi 50—90 mg% vitaminho jam meshavand; khususiyati khubi onhost, ki miqdori avvalai vitaminro muddati duru daroz nigoh medorand. Dar shohtuti zamini, tamashk va gayra vitamini S bisyor ast. Kaloriyanokii 100 g Tarmeva ba hisobi miyona 50—70 kkal (1 kkal 4,19 kJ) ast. Muvofiqi tainoti Instituti tagziyai nazdi Akademiyai Ilmhoi Tojikiston SSSR, har shakhs boyad sole 106 kg mevai tar istemol kunad. Dar jahon sole ziyoda az 213276 (az on jumla angur 63069) hazor tonna va dar SSSR beshtar az 12441 (angur 4760) hazor tonna tarmeva megundorand.
Moddahoe, ki az onho Tarmeva tarkib yoftaast, baroi hazmi khurok va metabolizm yori merasonand. Kislotahoi organikii Tarmeva kori ruda va gadudhoi zeri medaro metezonand. Makhsusan moddahoi dabbogii tanin va katekhinhoi Tarmeva tasiri khubi biology dorand. Nok, bihi, qizil va gayra servitaminand. Tarmevaro hamchun omili tabobat (masalan siyohqot, tamashk, angat) va dar khurokihoi parhezi ham istifoda mebarand.
Bisyor navhoi tarmevaro dar yakhdonho muddati daroz taru toza nigoh doshtan mumkin ast. Makhsusan seb, nok, mevahoi sitrusi, angur der mepoyand. Tarmevai khushkonida, konservonida (murabo, kompot va gayra) va yakh kunonida ham istemol mekunand.