TANTAL

TANTAL (lotini Tantalum), Ta, elemeti khimiyaviest az guruhi V sistemai davrii Mendeleev; raqami atomi 73, massai atomi 180, 948. Du izotopi tabii — izotopi sobiti Ta (99,99%), izotopi radioaktivi Ta (0,012%: T^!/₂ = 10 sol) dorad. Az izotophoi suniash ¹⁸²Ta (T¹/₂—115,1 shaboruz) jun indikatori radioaktivi istifoda meshavad. Tantalro soli 1802 khimiki shved A. G. Ekeberg kashf kardaast. Tantali kholisro avvalin bor (1903) khimiki nemis Bolton hosil namud. 2,5-10-⁴%-i masoai qishri zamin az Tantal iborat ast. Alhol 17 minerali Tantal va ziyoda az 60 mineralhoi Tantaldor malumand. Tantal dar mineralhoyash aksar bo niobiy yakjoya vomekhurad. Tantali kholis metalli khokistarrangi plastikist; b gudozish 2996°S; t jushish 5300°S; zichiash 16600 ktDm³ (20°S).

Tantal dar sharoiti muqarrari chandon faol nest. Tantali kholis dar khavo ustuvor buda, faqat dar harorati 280°S ba oksid shudan sar mekunad. Vay yakto oksidi (Ta₂O₅) sobit dorad. Bo gidrogen (dar harorati 250°S) mahluli sakht, bo nitrogen (dar harorati ZOO°S) mahluli sakht va nitridho (Ta₂N va TaN), bo galogenho (dar harorati 250°S) galogenidho hosil mekunad. Hangomi garmkardan bo S, V, Si, R, Se, Te. N₂0, SO, S0₂  N0, NS1. N₂S ba reaksiya modaroyad.

Tantal ba tasiri bisyor kislotahoi organiki va gairiorganiki (HNO₃, HS1, N₂CO₄, NSIOz, shahsharob va gayra) tobovar ast. Tantal dar elektrotekhnika, sanoati khimiya, energetikai yadroi, metallurgiya va tib istifoda meshavad. Az Tantali kholis kondensatorhoi elektri. qismhoi lampahoi elektroni, zarfhoi laboratori va gayra mesozand.