Shahri TOShKENT

TOShKENT, poytakhti Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Uzbakiston markazi viloyat Toshkent. Dar vodii daryoi Chirchiq voqe ast. Uzeli rohi ohan. Aholiash 1986 hazor nafarar (1984). Ba 10 rayon toqsim shudaast.
Dar Toshkent ziyoda az 200 korkhonai sanoati hast. Sohahoi asosii sanoat: moshinsozi, sanoati sabuk va khurokvori. Korkhonahoi kalontarinash: «Tashselmash», «Uzbekselmash», «Tashtekstilmash», kombinati bofandagi, zavodi aviasionii ba nomi V. P. Chkalov, zavodhoi ekskvator, kabeli elektri va gayra. Az soli 1977 metropoliten kor mekunad.

Dar Toshkent Akademiyai Fanhoi Resspublikai Soveti Sotsialistii Uzbakiston, 19 donishkadai oli (az jumla universitet), 9 teatr, 8 muzey mavjud ast. YOdgorihoi memorii shahr ba asrhoi 15—16 taalluq dorand. Toshkent yake az shahrhoi qadimtarini Osiyoi Miyona ast. Dar hududi shahr ashyoi asri sang yoft shudaand. Az qabristonhoi hududi Toshkent oinahoi birinji, tangahoi davlathoi gunoguni asrhoi avvdli to m. ba dast omadaand. Mahalhoi aholinishini shahr dar asrhoi 4—5 m. ba vujud omada, dar makhazhoi tarikhi bori avval bo nomi Choch (Shosh) nombar shudaast. Dar asrhoi 8—9 shahr Banokat nom doshta, markazi viloyati tarikhii Choch gardid. Onro ibtidoi asri 8 arabho istilodand. Shahr bo nomi Toshkent avvalin marotiba dar asri 11 qalamdod shudaast. Dar asrhoi 9—10 dar hayati davlati Somoniyon, az okhiri asri 10 to ibtidoi asri 13 dar hayati davlati Qarakhoniyon va Qarakhidoniyon bud. Ibtidoi asri 13 Toshkentro shohi Khorazm Muhammadi Khorazmshoh zabt kard va bo amri u soli 1214 shahr kharob va SOKINONASh muhojir karda shudand. Dar asri 14 Toshkentro Temur ba davlati khud hamroh karda, ba yake az kalontarin qalaho tabdil dod. Dar nimai duyumi asri 16 Toshkent ba khonii Bukhoro hamroh shud.
Dar asrhoi 17—18 onro qazoqhoyu qalmoqho zabt namudand. Soli 1809 ba hayati khonii Khuqand, soli 1865 ba hayati imperiyai Rossiya hamroh gardid. Az soli 1867 markazi generalgubernatorii Turkiston va viloyati Sirdaryo bud. Soli 1899 to Toshkent rohi ohani Zakaspiy va soli 1906 rohi ohani Orenburg— Toshkent sokhta shud. Toshkent uzeli asosii rohi ohani, punkti savdo va tranzitii Osiyoi Miyona gardid. Soli 1913 dar Toshkent 111 korkhonai khurdi sanoati, 3,5 hazor korkhonai kosibi bud, 22 shirkati rusi va khoriji amal mekard. Solhoi 1905—07 Toshkent ba markazi harakati revolyusionii khalqqoi Osiyoi Miyona tabdil yoft. Soli 1906 dar in jo Konferensiyai 1-umi kishvarii tashkilothoi s. d.-i Turkiston barguzor shud. Soli 1912 dar lagerhoi harbii nazdi Toshkent shurishi sapyorhoi Turkiston ba amal omad. Soli 1917 proletariati Toshkent ba harakati revolyusionii kishvar sarvari kard: 28 oktyabri (10 noyabr) 1917 komiteti revolyusioni tasis yoft va baroi hokimiyati Sovetho shurish sar shud. 1 (14) noyabri 1917 qalai harbi, ki onro askaroni Hukumati muvaqqati mudofia mekardand, ishgol karda shuda, dar Toshkent Hokimiyati Soveti barpo gardid. Mohi apreli 1918 Toshkent poytakhti Resspublikai Avtonomii Soveti Sotsialistii Turkiston shud. Iyuni 1918 dar Toshkent Sezdi 1-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Turkiston barguzor shud. Dar solhoi Jangi grajdani (1918—20) Toshkent markazi muborizai khalqqoi Osiyoi Miyona bar ziddi bosmachiyon va intervensiyai harbi gardid. Soli 1924 ba hayati Resspublikai Soveti Ssotsialistii Uzbakiston hamroh shuda, az soli 1930 poytakhti on qaror girift. Dar davrai Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—45) az nohiyahoi garbii SSSR ba Toshkent korkhonahoi sanoati, donishkadaho va muassisahoi madani kuchida omadand Toshkent solhoi badi jang markazi sanoati vaznin (asosan moshinsozi) gardid. Toshkent joi vokhurivu simpoziumhoi namoyandagoni mamlakatqoi Osiyo va Afrika ast. Dar in jo rohbaroni Hinduston va Pokiston ba deklarasiyai soli 1961 imzo guzoshtand. Soli 1966 dar Toshkent zilzila ba amal omad, ki zarari on bo yordami respublikahoi barodari barham doda shud. Shahr bo ordeni Bayraqi Surkh (1924) mukofotonida shudaast.