Shahri Olviya

Olviya, shahr— davlati atiqai gulomdoriest, ki dar so­hili rosti limani Bug voqe bud; nomi digarash Borisfen (az nomi yunonii daryoi Dnepr). Dimnai Olviya nazdi dehai hozirai Parutinoi rayoni Ochakovi viloyati Nikolaev voqe ast. Avvali asri 6 to milod yunoniyoni shahri Milet asos guzoshtaand. Zaminhoi har du sohili Bug va bisyor dehaho ba Olviya taalluq doshtand.

Olviya dar du ostonai daryo (shahri Bolo va Poyon) voqe bud va dar davrai avji taraqqiyash taqriban 5 gektarro tashkil mekard. Shahr bo devori sangin mudofiavii burjdor ihota gardida, dar qismi janubiash istehkomi ilovagi—kuhandiz dosht. Mahallahoi shahr chorkunja va ku­chahoyash rost budand; dar shahri Poyon mahallahoi hunarmandon va bandargoh voqe bud. Korkardi filizot, kuloli, zargari va gayra taraqqi karda bud. Olviya bo qabilahoi skifhoi hamsoya munosibati tijorati dosht. Az skifho chorvo, galla, pust va digar ozuqavori girifta, ba Yunon mefiristod.

Ba Olviya az davlathoi Yunon sharob, ravgani zaytun, masnuoti filizi, osori sanati badei va ashyoi zebu zinat meovardand. Dar Olviya tangahoi  nuqraginu misin va bazan tilloi mebarovardand. Hokimiyati oli ba majlisi khalqi va shuroi intikhobi, hokimiyati ijroiya ba kollegiyai mansabdoroni intikhoban har sol ivazshavanda — arkhontho, strategho va gayra taalluq dopgt. Olviya dar siyosati beruna mustaqil buda, bo markazi davlat — Milet shartnomai makhsusi dustona dosht, Soli 331 to milod Olviya hamrohi skifhoi hamsoya hujumi qushunhoi Iskandari Maqduniro za­da gardond.

Dar nimai duyumi asri 3 — asri 2 to milod Olviya duchori buhroni sakht gardid, ki bo buhroni umumii sistemai polisi va quvvat giriftani dushmanii qabilahoi hamsoya vobasta bud. Asri 2 to milod Olviyaro shohi skifhoi Qrim zabt kard. Asri 2 badi az davlati Pont shikast _khurdani skifho Olviya tobei Pont shud. Olviyaro dar miyonai asri 1 to milod qabilahoi getho kharob kardand. Olviyai dar asrhoi avvali milod barqarorgardida khele khurd va ahamiyati peshtarai khudro gum karda bud.

Asri 2 ba Olviya qushunhoi Rim cap darovarda, avvali asri 3 on ba hayati muzofoti Myoziyai Poyoni im­periyai Rim dokhil karda shud. Ehtimol meravad, ki hayot dar Olviya asri 4 qat gardidaast. Dar Olviya az soli 1901 muntazam hafriyoti arkheologi guzaronida meshavad. Hududi shahri qa­dima mamnugoh elon shudaast.