SUZANII SAMARQANDI

SUZANII SAMARQANDI Hakim Shamsuddin Muhammad ibni Masud (bayni solhoi 1091 —93, Nasaf, hozira Qarshi —1173, Samarqand), shoiri fors-tojik. Dar javoni az zodgohash baroi tahsil ba Bukhoro raft. Barobari kasbi ulum bo doirahoi hunarmaidii shahr niz robita paydo karda, peshai suzangariro omukht. Ba sherguy hangomi tahsili madrasa shuru kardaast, vale az ashori dar in davra ejodkardash u dar devonash osore nest. Ba umedi shuhrat dar sukhansaroi ba markazi adabii on davr— Samarqand rahsipor gardid. Vay bo baze amaldoroni Devoni davlati robita paydo karda, onhoro dar qasidahoyash vasf namudaast. Badi ba dasti sulton Sanjar (hukmroni 1116—57) guzashtani ikhtiyori hukumati qarokhonii Samarqand (soli 1130) Suzanii Samarqandi bo kumaki mamduhon va dustoni mansabdori khud devondori davlati tain, vale bo tuhmati hasudon az in vazifa mazul gardid.
Az Suzanii Samarqandidevoni ashor boqi mondaast, ki nuskhai komili on dar kitobkhonai Kalkatta (Hinduston) mahfuz buda, qarib 12 hazor baytro dar bar megirad. Yakchand nuskhai nisbatan khurdtari devoni shoir dar kitobkhonahoi SSSR va Eron mahfuzand. Devoni komiliSuzanii Samarqandi dar Eron solhoi 1960 va 1966 ba tabrasidaast. Ashori devoni Suzanii Samarqandi dar navhoi mamuli nazmi davrai u— qasida, qita, gazal, ruboi, musammat va gayra navishta shudaand, vale onho ba mundarija va mazmuni khud az ashori shonroni digar farq mekunand. Dar in devon ashori hajviyu mutoibavi mavqei kalon dorad. Dar ejodiyoti Suzanii Samarqandi tamoyuli hajviyu mutoibavii adabiyoti shahr dar se nav sher — hajvi shakhsi, gazali mutoibavi va naqiza (parodiya) inkishof yoftaast. Suzanii Samarqandi, ki ejodiyotash asosan berun az darbor jarayon girifta, beshtar bo muhiti shahr va tabaqahoi mehnati aloqamand bud, dar hajvu mutoiboti zohiran «qabeh»-i khud madaniyati khandavu istehzoi khalq, khushholivu zindadilii mardumro ifoda namudaast. Beshtari hajviyoti Suzanii Samarqandibo sanatkoron va mahorati balandi adabi navishta shudaand. Dar onho Suzanii Samarqandi ustodi khajv budani khudro sobit kardaast. Qismati muayyani ashori Suzanii Samarqandiro ashori hunarmandi tashkil karda, dar onkho tasviri lahzahoi mehnat va hayoti khosai ahli peshavu hunar mushohida meshavad. Suzanii Samarqandimafkuravu chahonbinii tabaqai hunarmandonro niz ifoda namudaast. Dar sherhoikhud hukumatdoronro payvasta ba adlu insof va tarahhum nisbat ba omma tashviq namuda, ba muqobili baze zolimoni khalq qiyom kardani u az mafkurai gumanisti va ziddiistibdodii tabaqai hunarmandon sar zadaast.
Adabiyot: Sadiev S., Suzani va muhiti adabii Samarqandi asri XII, Dushanbe, 1974.
S. Sadiev.