SURATI RUShNOI

SURATI RUShNOI (surati nur) dar fazoi kholi (dar vakuum) s, surati pahnshavii mavjhoi elektromagniti (az jumla nur)-ro guyand. Surati rushnoi yake az sobitahoi asosii fizikai muosir buda, haddi okhirini surati pahnshavii hama guna tasiroti fiziki donista meshavad (nigared Nazariyai nisbiyat). Dar sharoiti muqarrari bo Surati rushnoi yagon signal pahn shuda nametavonad. Signalhoro faqat dar vakuum bo Surati rushnoi pahn namudan mumkin. Surati rushnoi dar muhit (s’) gufta, odatan surati pahnshavii afkanishoti optiki (rushnoi) -ro mefahmand: s’ ba nishondihandai shikasti muhit n vobasta buda, muvofiqi qimathoi basomadhon afkanishot () qimathoi gunogunro megirad:

s'() = s/n().

Dar muhit Surati rushnoi ba basomadi (darozii mavj)-i nur vobasta asg.

Surati rushnoi du nav meshavad: fazavi  v=c/n²   n — nishondihandai shikastinur) va guruhi (surati pahnshavii energiya dar mavji kvazimonokhromati).

Surati rushnoiro bori avval astronomi daniyagi O. K. Ryomer soli 1676 dar asosi tagiryobii fosilai vaqti bayni girifthoi radifi Mushtari — muayyan karda bud (s=300870±2700 mm/son). Qimati hozirai (1985) Surati rushnoi chunin ast: s=299 792 458±1,2m/s.