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SURMA

surma

SURMA (lotini Stibium) Sb, elementi khimiyavii guruhi V sistemai davrii Mendeleev; raqami atomi 51, massai atomi 121,75. Metalli safedi nuqratob. 2 izotopi sobiti tabiii Surma—121Sb (57,25%) va 123Sb (42,75%) malum ast; az izotophoi suniash mamultarinashon 122Sb (T1/2 = 2,8 shabonaruz), 124Sb (T1/2 = 60,2 shaboruz) va 125Sb (T1/2 = 2 sol) meboshand.

Surma az qadimulayyom malum ast. Dar mamlakathoi Sharq takhminan 3000 sol to melod, az on zarf mesokhtand; dar Misri Qadim dar asri 19 to melod khokai tabiii surmaro (Sb2Sz) baroi siyoh namudani abruvon istifoda meburdand. Dar Yunoni Qadim Surma chun Stime va stibi malum bud. Soli 1789 A. Lavuaze Surmaro ba ruykhati elementhoi khimiyavi dokhil kard.

Surma ba hisobi miyona 5-10-5% massai qishri zaminro tashkil medihad. Miqdori on dar magma va biosfera kam ast. Dar tabiat ba gayr az konhoi kholisi Surma konhoi Surmayu simob, Surmayu surb, tilloyu Surma, Surmayu volfram niz mavjudand. Zichiash 6610— 6730 kg/m8, ( gud. 630,50S, I jush. 1635— 164500. Surma az jihati khimiyavi on qadar faol nest. Az payvasthoi Surma namakhoi kamhalshavandai kislotai stibiat (MeSbOz- ZN2O; Me — Na, K) ahamiyati amali dorand.

Surmaro az konsentrat va yo madanhoe, ki 20—60% Sb dorand. hosil mekunand. Surmaro dar shakli khula dar akkumulyatorho, ruypush kardani kabelho, dar poligrafiya va gayra kor mefarmoyand. Izotopi radioaktivi 124Sb-ro dar manbahoi γ — shuoafkanm va neytronho istifoda mebarand.

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