SULFUR

SULFUR (lotinisulfur — zardi baland), S, dar sistemai davrii Mendeleev elementi guruhi U1-ro nomand. Raqami atomi 16, massai atomi 32,06. Sulfuri tabii az chor izotopi sobit iborat ast, na az onho izotopi ³²S (95,02%) qismi asosiro tashkil medihad. Sulfuri khudruy az qadimulayyom malum ast. Onro dar jangho chun tarkibi otashdihanda va baroi muolijai baze kasalihoi pust istifoda meburdand. Sulfur 4,7·10-²%-imassai qishri Zaminro tashkil medihad. Sulfur chi dar shakli khudruy va chi dar namudi payvastho dar khok, obi bahru daryoho hast. Sulfur du shakli allotropi dorad: (a = s rombi va  = s monoklini). a = s rangi zardi limui dorad, dar 112,8^oS gudkhta meshavad, zichiash 2070 kg/m³.  = s rangi zardi surkhcha doshta, dar 119,Z^oS gudokhta meshavad, zichiash 1960 kg/m³. Sulfur garmi va jarayoni elektrro bad meguzaronad. Dar ob kam hal shuda, dar ammiaki beob, SS₂ va yak qator halkunandahoi organiki (benzol, fenol, dikhloretan va gayra) khub hal meshavad. Az jihati khimiyavi faol buda, hangomi garm kardan bo aksari elementho (gayr az Ni, Ir, Au, Rl va gazhoi inerti) ba reaksiya medaroyad. Sulfur dar havo sukhta SO₂ hosil mekugaad. Sulfur bo kislotai konsentronidai nitrat, aminho va digar moddahoi organiki ba reaksiya medaroyad. N₂S, NgS, SuS, GeS, SS₂, S0₃, S0₂CI₂ va gayra, payvasthoi muhimi Sulfur ba shumor meravand.

Sulfurro dar sanoathoi khimiya (istehsoli N₂S0₄), kogaz (sulfitsellyuloza), rezina (baroi vulkanizasiyai kauchuk), dar khojagii qishloq (baroi rafi kasalihoi nabotot, asosan angur va pakhta), dar istehsoli rangubor, tarkibhoi shuoafkan, boruti syyoh, gugird va gayra istifoda mebarand. Dar tib Sulfur va payvasthoi onro ziddi mikrobu parazitho, muolijai baze kasalihoi pust, falaj va gayra kor mefarmoyand. Sulfur elementi baroi hayot zarur buda, dar tamomi organizmhoi zinda mavjud ast. Sulfur ba tarkibi aminokislotaho, safeda va peptidho, kofermentho va vitaminho dokhil meshavad.

T. Idrisov.