SOYuZ

«SOYuZ», nomi yak silsilai kishtihoi kayhonii (KK) bisyorjoyai sovetist, ki az soli 1967 sar karda ba madori geosentri barovarda meshavand, barnomai korkard va sar dodani in kishtihoro niz «Soyuz» menomand. To 1 yanvari 1986 40-to KK «Soyuz» va 14-to KK «Soyuz -T» ba mador barovarda shud (nigared jadval). Hamai onho ba yaksinfi apparathoi parishi kayhoni mansub buda, az hamdigar faqat bo juziyoti koistruksiya va apparaturai borti (vobasta ba vazifahoyashon) farq mekunand. Vazifahoi ilmivu amalii «Soyuz» korkardi usulhoi navigasiya, idora, qiron va qushshavii avtomati, ozmoishi prinsiphoi sokhtmoni stansiyahoi madorii nazdizamini va khizmatrasoni ba onho, omukhtani tasiroti sharoiti parvozi darozmuddati kayhoni ba organizmi inson, taftishi prinsiphoi istifodai KK-i pilotdor baroi tadqiqi Zamin ba manfiathoi khojagii khalq, guzarondani tajribahoi ilmi, ilmivu tekhniki dar fazoi Kayhon. Programmai «Soyuz» inchunin ba sifati kishtihoi naqliyoti (baroi ba stansiyahoi madori burda rasondani kayhonnavardon va borhoi gunogun) istifoda burdani KK-i «Soyuzro peshbini mekunad.

Parvozi kishtihoi kayhonii «Soyuz» (1967—1985)

«Soyuz» az 3 juzi asosi iborat ast (ras): juzi madori yo moduli madori (MM), ki dar on kayhonavardon tadqiqot meguzaronand va istiqomat mekunand; apparati furudoi (AF) baroi Zamin bozgashtani ekipaj va juzi asbobu agregatho (JAA), ki dar on apparaturai asosi, tajhizot va sistemahoi taminkunandai parvozi madori joy doda meshavand. Dar bayni «Soyuz» va Zamin aloqai radiovu televizioni muqarrar kardan mumkin ast. Surati furudoi hangomi nishasti narm az 2—3 m/son besh nest. Dar mavridi hamchun kishtii naqliyoti istifoda burdali «Soyuz» uzeli qushshavi imkon medahad, ki kayhonnavardon ba fazoi kushodi kayhon nabaromada, ba stansiyai madori guzarand. Apparaturai bortiro batareyahoi oftobie, ki dar 2 paneli gusturdashavanda voqeand, bo energiya tamin mekunand.