SISTEMATIKAI HAYVONOT

SISTEMATIKAI HAYVONOT, yak fasli sistematikaro guyand. Dar asri 4 to milod Arastu bori nakhust ziyoda az 450 khel hayvonro ba qayd girifta, ba 2 guruhi kalon (khundor va bekhun) judo namud. Jonvaroni khundorro Arastu ba guruhhoe taqsim kard, ki takhminan ba sinfhoi imruza nazdikand. Soli 1693 biologi anglis J. Rey mafhumi asosii sistematika —namudro jori kard, ki onro soli 1735 K. Linney baroi tasnifi klassifikatsiya)-i hayvonotu nabotot bisyor istifoda kard. Livney ba sistemai hayvonot kategoriyahoi taksonomii namud, jins, qator va sinfro dokhil kard. Ammo, sistemai Linney niz nomukammal bud; masalan, u soddatarinho, rudakovokho, suzanpustho va narmbadanhoi sarpoyro mansubi guruhi sunii zoofitho donist. Baroi tartib dodani sistemai hayvonot olimoni fransavi J. Lamark va J. Kyuve hissai bosazoe guzoshtand. Dar asarhoi khud «Sistemai bemuhraho» (1801) va «Falsafai zoologiya» (1809) Lamark hama hayvonotro ba bemuhra (infuzoriyaho, polipho, shuoiho, kirmho, hasharot, tortanakshaklon, kharchangshaklon, muylabpoyho, narmbadanho va gayra) va muhrador judo kard. J. Kyuve boshad, (4817) olami hayvonotro ba 4 shokhai asosi — shuoiho, banddorho, narmbadanho va muhradorho  taqsim namud, ki badtar (1825) zoologi fransavi A. Blenvil onhoro tip nomid. Soli 1874 zoologi nemis K. Klaus olami hayvonotro ba 9 tip judo kard: soddatarinho, rudakovokho (yakjoya bo isfanjho), suzanpustho, kirmho, bandpoyho, narmbadanho, narmbadanshaklon, pardadorho va muhradorho. Bo guzashti ayyom tasavvurot dar borai miqdor va hajmi tipho tagyir yoftand. Baze guruhhoe, ki dar sistemahoi peshtara mavqei muayyan nadoshtand, joi khudro dar doirai in yo on tip paydo kardand. Hamin tavr minbad barobari namud, jins va oilaho, qator, sinf va hatto tiphoi nav (masalan, soli 1955 pogonoforaho) niz oshkor shudand; solhoi okhir boshad qatorhoi navi rudakovokho, kirmhoi muyakbadan va kharchangshaklon kashf shudand. Olami hayvonotro odatan ba 2 zerolam — yakhujayragiho ( va bisyorhujayragiho  judo mekunand. Miqdori tipho dar sistemahoi olami hayvonot harkheland (az 10 to 33). Muvofiqi yake az sistemahoi qabulshuda tipho 16-toand: soddatarinho , isfanjho, arkheosiatho, guruhi hayvonoti bisyorhujayrai munqariz), rudakovokho, kirmhoi darajai past, narmbadanho, banddorho, prozipigiho yo svpunkulidho. Solhoi okhir dar Tojikiston 250 namudi zirehdoron va 300 namudi shirincha muayyan karda shud, ki qisma ziyodashon dar ilm bori avval ba qayd girifta shudaast.

                                                                                       M.Narziqulov.