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ShIRKATHOI TIJORATU SANOAT DAR OSIYOI MIYONA

ShIRKATHOI TIJORATU SANOAT DAR OSIYOI MIYONA, shirkathoi tijoratu sanoat dar Osiyoi Miyona badi ba Rossiya hamroh shudani on ba vujud omadand: Shirkati tijoratu sanoati manufakturai kaloni Yaroslavl, Shirkati tijoratu sanoati Andreev, Shirkati tijoratu sanoati Potelyakhov, shirkathoi tijoratii barodaron Kraft, Vadyaevdo, Eglosberg, Fuzaylov, Yusufboevho, Alekseevho, Yanushevho, Adam-Osser, Muinjonovho, Simkhaevho, Shirkati tijoratu sanoati Moskva, Jamiyati aksionerii Poznan, Shirkati tijorat bo Eron, Shirkati Moyerkort, Shirkati Kudrin, Shirkati 10. Dovudov, Shirkati Bodiyar, Shirkati Rudniskiy, Shirkati Beshbosh va g. Sh. dar inkishofi khud du davrai asosiro tay kardand: davrai yakum s-hoi 60—90 a. 19 va davrai duyum s-hoi 1900—17. Dar davrai yakum Sh. miqdoran kam buda, hamchun tashkilothoi namoyandagii sanoati bofandagii Rossiya amal karda, ba burjuaziyai rus itoat mekardand. Dar davrai duyum shumorai Sh., khususan shirkathoi mahalli khele afzud. 70%-i shprkatho dar mahalhoi pakhtakor (Khujand, Konibodom, Fargona, Andijon va g.) va 30 foizashon dar mahalhoi digari Osiyoi Miyona (mahalhoi chorvodor, gallakor, bogu tokdori va g.) joygir budaand. Avvalin shirkate, ki dar Osiyoi Miyona ba kharidi pakhta shuru kard, Shirkati tijoratu sanoati manufakturai kaloni Yaroslavl bud, ki s. 1884 az mahalhoi pakhtakori amorati Bukhoro, az jumla az Yangibozor (p-ni Orjonikidzeobodi hozira), Qurgonteppa 100 haz. pud, s. 1889-um 240 haz. pud pakhta kharida, baroi sanoati bofandagii Rossiya firistod. Sh.-ho bo maqsadp harchi beshtar ba dastovardani pakhta ba dehqononi pakhtakor pul qarz medodand, namoyandagii khudro ba dehot mefiristonidand, to ki dehqononi pakhtakorro ziyodtar ba tarafi khud jalb kunand. Baroi pakhta dar bayni shirkatho raqobati sakht meraft. Khususan dar shim. Tojikistoni imruza dar bayni shirkathoi tijoratii barodaron Kraftho, Knop, Potelyakhov, Vadyaev, shirkati Yaroslavl raqobat khele tezu tund bud. Baze shirkatho (Yaroslavl. Meyer-kart, Kudrin va g.) baroi beshtar pakhta ba dast ovardan, hatto dar bekii Qurgonteppa, vil. Fargona, muzofoti Khujand zamin kharnida, ba vositai choryakkorho dar on pakhta kisht mekardand. Sh. baroi on ki hangomi toza kardani pakhta mutei sohiboni z-dhoi pakhtatozakuni naboshand, khudashon z-dhoi pakhtatozakuniyu ravgankashi mesokhtand. Shirkati barodaron Vadyaevho 30 z-di pakhtatozakuni va 5 z-di ravgankashi, shirkati barodaron Kraft 16, Potelyakhov 10, Yaroslavl 8, moskvagi 7, Simkhaev 7 z-di pakhtatozakuni dosht. Raqobati bayni Sh. du ittihodiyai shirkatho — «Andreevskoe» va «Besh-bosh»-ro ba vujud ovard. In ittihodiyaho sohibi 70 z-di pakhtatozakuni va 10 z-di ravgankashi budand. Yak khudi shirkati «Beshbosh» 30 foizi pakhtai kishv. Turkiston, 5 mln pud pakhtai tozakardashudaro mekharid va 10 mln pud chigitro dar zavodhoi ravgankashii khud kor karda mebaromad. Z-dhoi ravgankashii in du ittihodiya 70 foizi mahsuloti z-d-hoi ravgankashii kishvarro istehsol mekardand. Amaliyoti shirkatho dar Osiyoi Miyona ba inkishofi munosibathoi puliyu moli va kapitalisti, ba differensiasiyai sinfii dehqonon ovard. Sh. dar vaqti qarzdihi va jamovarii hosil dehqononro fireb doda, ba har vosita mekushidand, ki onhoro dar itoati khud nigoh dorand. Az in ru aholi az amaliyoti shirkatho ba shur meomad. Sh. asosan to galabai Rev. Kab. Sos. Oktyabr va bazan onho to solhoi avvali Hokimiyati Soveti dar Osiyoi Miyona vujud doshtand.

Ad.: Babakhanov M., Sosialno-ekonomicheskoe polojenie Severnogo Tadjikistana nakanune Oktyabrya (voprosi genezisa kapitalizma), D.. 1970

M. Bobokhonov.

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SAFORAT, namoyandagi, koru amali safir, ki az tarafi davlate ba poytakhti davlati digar meravad. Nigared, …