SIFATHOI MANAVI

SIFATHOI MANAVI, mafhumi akhloqiest, ki bo yorii on jihathoi umumii khulqi odamon dar hayoti jamiyati muayyan meshavad. Sifathoi manavii inson — olihimmakhi, nakukori, sakhovatmandi, furutani, rostkori, ahdshikani, khasisi, magruri, va gayra khususiyati umumii jihathoi gunoguni faoliyatro ifoda karda, hamchun khosiyati akhloqii fardi muayyan niz tavsif meshavand. Masalan, mafhumi «rostkori» hamchun faoliyat (raftori durust) donista shuda, dar ayni hol munosibati akhloqii fardi muayyan va b guruhi muayyani odamonro ifoda mekunad. Sifathoi manavii musbat va manfiro az ham farq mekunand, onhoro «khayr» va «sharr» niz menomand.

Sifathoi manavi nazar ba normahoi akhloqi nisbatan mafhumi umumi buda, dar on ba faoliyati muayyani inson, ba tavri konkrety shpora karda nameshavad, yane ba jihathoi muayyani raftori odamon ba tavri umumi baho doda meshavad. Masalan, sertalabi dar majmui raftori odamon mushohida meshavad. Dar zaminai hamin mafhum talaboti akhloqie peshnihod meshavad (mas., «odamon boyad nisbat ba khud va digaron sertalab boshand»), ki vobasta ba sharoit va holathoi muayyann konkreti odamon boyad khudashon munosi- oatashonro ba sifathoi khulqi muayyan kunand.

Mafhumi Sifathoi manavi bori avval dar aqidahoi akhloqii faylasufoni qadim az qabili Arastu (mafhumi «khayr» va «khayrkhohi») tashakkul yoft. Mutafakironi asrhoi miyonai Sharq niz ba inkishofi afkori ij- timoi, ae jumla aqidahoi akhloqy sahmi muhim guzoshtaand. Dar in davra doir ba akhloq asarhoi makhsus — risolahoi akhloqyan Foroby, Ibni Sino, Ibni Miskaveyh, Nasi- ruddnni Tusi, Jaloluddinj Davvoni va gayra ba vujud omadand. ki dar onho ham kategoriyahoi akhloqi va ham Sifathoi manavi—nakukori, rostqavli, sadoqat va umuman sifathoi khud mavridi tahqiq qaror giriftaand. Maorifparvaron  va makhsusai sotsialistoni asli sifathoi akhloqiro na hamchun khususiyati kharakter, balki hamchun tarzi raftori in yo on jamiyat medonistand. Onho masalai «khayr» va «sharr»-ro ba sokhti jamiyat vobasta karda, ba chunin khulosa omadand, ki baroi khushakhloq shudani odamon jamiyatro boyad ivaz kard.

Talimoti marksisti dar borai akhloq vobastagii dialektikii sharoithoi ijtimoi va khususiyathoi akhloqii odamonro nishon doda, qayd mekunad, ki dar prosessi tajribai revolyutsioni inson na faqat khudash, balki jamiyatro niz digargun mekunad va az nav mesozad. Az in ru, dar jarayoni sokhtmoni jamiyati kommunisti du jihati yak masala — sokhtmoni jamiyati nav va tarbiyai odami nav ba miyon guzoshta shudaast. Tarbiyai kommunisti har du jihati in masalai muhimro dar bar megirad.

M. Akramoboev.