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SKhOLASTIKA

SKhOLASTIKA (az yunonischolasticos — maktabi, olimi), yak raviyai mamuli falsafai asrimiyonagii Evroparo guyand. Bunyodash az dalelu burhonhoi mavhumi mantiqi iborat ast, ki ba maqsadi sobit kardani ahkomi dini masehi ba tarzi suni sokhta shudaast. Ba Skholastikai ibtidoi (asrhoi 11—12) goyahoi aflotuniyai avgustini tasir kardaast. Shiori asosii Anselmi Kenterberi «etiqodi khiradju», rasionalizmro ba fideizm tobe karda, goyai asosii falsafai skholastiro tashkil dod. Az in ru, nazariyai falsafai skholasti badtar paydo shuda boshad ham, dar tarikhi falsafayu din Anselmi Kenterberiro avvalin skholast meshumorand. Dar in davra dar bobi universaliyaho (umuri kulli) bahsogoz yofta, raviyahoi realistiyu nominalisti ba vujud omadand va ba realizmi skholasti nominalizmu konseptualizmi Abelyar muqobil guzoshta shudand.

sxolastika

Alberti Kabir. Fomai Akvini va Sigeri Brabanti namoyandatoni Skholastikai barkamoli asrhoi miyona va Ioann Duns Skot, Uilyam Okkam namoyandagoni Skholastikai mutaakhkhir meboshand. Inkishofi tamadduni mamlakathoi Evropai Sharqi dar asrhoi 13—14 ba falsafai skholasti naqshi khudro guzosht, ki zaminai asosii onro afkori ilmiyu falsafii Sharqi Nazdik va Miyona tashkil medod. Papa Pii V dar asri 15 Fomai Akviniro yake az asosguzoroni kalisoi katoliki elon karda boshad ham, tomizm mavridi tanqidi jarayonhoi gumanisti qaror girift. Barobari inkishofi sistemai falsafii Skholastika dar dokhili on jarayonhoi oppozisioni ba vujud omadand. Minbad doirai faoliyati raviyahoi oppozisioni vase shud, ki on zaminai davrai navi prosessi tarikhiyu falsafi — Ahdi jadid ba shumor meravad.

Dar asrhoi 16—17 dar Ispaniya kushishhoi tajdidi talimoti skholasti ba amal omada boshad ham, maorifparvaron nazariyai haqiqati dutinaro peshnihod nomudand, ki mohiyatan ba muqobili talimoti skholastii tanosubi etqodu aql ravona shuda bud.

Paydoishi jarayonhoi mukhtalif dar islom, az qabili mutaziliya, ashariya va gayra dar Sharqi asrhoi miyona boisi ba vujud omadani falsafai skholasti gardid, ki on bo nomi kalom mashhur ast. Mavzui asosii bahsi on zotu sifathoi khudo, ofarinishi olam, nubuvvat va jazoyu sazoi okhirat meboshad.

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