ShELLING Fridrikh Vilgelm

ShELLING (Schelling) Fridrikh Vilgelm (27. 1, 1775, Leoyaberg — 20. 8. 1854, Ragas, Shveysariya), faylasufi nemis, namoyandai idealizmi klassikii nemis. Prof. In-ti Yen (1798—1803). Dar in jo bo romantikho (nit. Romantizm) shinosoi paydo kardaast. Dar falsafai Shelling yakchand marhala (naturfalsafa idealizmi transsendevtali, «falsafai ozod», «falsafai kashfu shuhud» va g.)-ro judo kardan mumkin ast. Shelling tabiatro, bar khilofi aqidai Fikhte, realiyati alohida tasvir namuda, qismhoi tabiiro natijai faoliyati quvva (potensiya) va fel (amal), tasiri mutaqobilai quvvahoi ba ham muqobil medonist. Az in ru, naturfalsafai Shelling khosiyati ziddimekhanisti dosht. Naturfalsafai Shelling qismi tarkibii idealizmi transsendentalii uro tashkil medihad. Dar on inkishofi tabiat bo paydoishi «Man»-i boshuur khotima meyobad, ki minbad on takmil doda meshavad. Binobar on u faoliyati «Man»-ro ba sohahoi nazariyu amali taqsim mekunad. Avvali az ehsos shuru shuda, ba muroqiba, tasavvur va nihoyat, ba darajai oli —aql merasad. Dar in mahdila khudshinosii aqli nazari ba vujud omada, «Man»-i amali paydo meshavad. On dar navbati khud zinahoero tay menamoyad, ki nuqtai olii faoliyati akhloqi manavi meboshad.

Sanat shakli olii marifati olami beruna, yagonagii faoliyati nazariyu amali meboshad. Usuli fahmishi in yagonagi hadsi aqlist, ki hamchun ayniyati obektu subekt shinokhta shudaast. In haqiqati mutlaq dar talimoti Shellin  na ruh va na tabiat, balki nuqtai kullie (misli nuqtai kullii qutbhoi magnit) meboshad, ki doroi haman imkoniyathost. Ba voqeiyat tabdil yoftani imkoniyat paydoishi koinot meboshad. Digar khel karda guem, haqiqati mutlaq ba misli koinotro tasvir kardani rassom onro meofarad. Bayni onho ayniyat vujud dorad, ki in nuqta talimoti Shellingro ba afkori panteizmi nemis (Ekkhart) nazdik mekunad.

Paydoishi olamro Shelling amri irrasionali medonad va onro asosi muayyayanashavandai khudo va manbai shar mepindorad.