SANOATI VAZNIN

SANOATI VAZNIN, guruhi sohahoi sanoat, ki asosan vositahoi istehsolot mebarorand. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR ba Sanoati vazni sanoathoi elsktroenergetika, suzishvori, metallurgiyai siyohu ranga, moshinsozi va korkardi metall, khimiya va neft, jangal, chubu takhta, sellyulozayu kogaz va masolehi binokori dokhil meshavand.
Sanoati vaznii Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR dar inkishofi quvvahoi istehsolkunandai mamlakat, barpo kardani bazai moddiyu tekhnikii kommunizm mavqei muhim doshta, on asosi takroristehsoli vasei sotsialisti, takmili tekhnikai khojagii khalq va iqtidori mudofiavii davlat, balandshavii samaranokii istehsolot va afzoishi darajai nekuahvolii khalq meboshad.

Dar Rossiyai torevolyutsioni Sanoati vaznin binobar qafomonii iqtisodii mamlakat sust taraqqi mekard. Soli 1913 qarib 1/3 hissai mahsuloti umumii sanoatro Sanoati vaznin barovard. Vazni qiyosii moshinsozi dar mahsuloti sanoati qarib 9% va sanoati khimiya kamtar az 3% bud. Yak qator sohahoi Sanoati vaznin (dastgohsozi, asbobsozi, istekhsoli tajhizoti metallurgi, avtomobil va traktor) vujud nadoshtand. Bisyor navhoi mahsuloti istehsoliro az khorija meovardand. Dar iqtisodiyoti Sanoati vaznin vazni qiyosii kapitali khoriji mavqei asosi dosht. Hissai on dar metallurgiyai siyoh 75%, sanoati neft 60%, sanoati khimiya 40% bud.
Badi Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr Partiyai Kommunisti va Hukumati Soveti plani leninii sokhtmoni sotsializmro ba hayot tatbiq namuda, taraqqii muttasili Sanoati vazninro ba roh mondand. Plani GOELRO ba amal barovarda shud. Industronii mamlakat ba tashkili istehsoloti kaloni moshini imkon dod. Makhsusan moshinsozi, elektroenergetika, sanoati khimiya va digar sohahoi Sanoati vazninS. v., ki ba peshrafti tekh- nikii tamomi khojagii khalq tasir merasonidand, taraqqi yoft. Dar panjsolahoi peshazjangi (1929—40) bisyor korkhonahoi kalon sokhta shudand, sohahoi navi Sanoati vaznin (aviasiya, avtomobil, traktorsozi, kombaynsozi, dastgohsozi, moshinsozii metallurgi va gayra) ba vujud omadand, darajai tekhnikii istehsolot afzud. Soli 1940 mahsuloti umumii sanoat nnsbat ba darajai peshazjangi 7,7 barobar, Sanoati vaznin boshad, 14 marotiba ziyod shud. Dar natijai taraqqii Sanoati vaznin Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR ba mamlakati puriqtidori industriali tabdil yoft. Solhoi Jangi Buzurgi Vatani (1941—45) Sanoati vaznin frontro bo yaroqu asliha tamin kard.
Dar panjsolahoi badijangi Sanoati vaznini Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR bosurat taraqqi kard. Soli 1975 hajmi umumii mahsuloti sanoat nisbat ba soli 1940-um 17 barobar, istehsoli mahsuloti moshinsozi va korkardi metall 49, sanoati khimiyayu neft 44, sanoati masolehi binokori 38 va elektroenergetika 26 barobar afzud. Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR az jihati istehsoli umumii navhoi muhimmi mahsuloti Sanoati vaznin (neft, angisht, juyan, pulod, madani ohan, koks, nurihoi minerali, chubu takhta, sement, konstruksiyahoi ohanubeton vaslshavanda, teplovozu elektrovozhoi magistrali, traktorho) dar jahon joi yakumro (1975) girift. Dinamikai inkishofi sohahoi Sanoati vaznin va istehsoli navhoi muhimmi mahhsulot dar jadvalhoi 1 va 2 nishon doda shudaast.
Sanoati Tojikistoni torevolyutsioni khele qafomonda bud. Dar tamomi Tojikistoni Shimolii torevolyutsioni hamagi az du se hissai korkhonahoi sanoati kor mokardand. Korkhonahoi kaloni in nohiya koni nefti SANTO, koni angishtsangi Shurob va koni ozokeriti Selroha budand. Soli 1913 hamagi 28 hazor tonna angisht va 10 hazor tonna neft istehsol shud. Dar Bukhoroi Sharqi (hozira Tojikistoni Markazi va Janubi Sharqi) to okhiri solhoi 20 yagona korkhonai sanoati nabud.
Dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti ba tashkilu inkishofi Sanoati vaznini respublika diqqati kalon doda shud. Dar panjsolai 1-um 58,9% mablagi umumii sanoat ba Sanoati vaznin sarf shud. Dar panjsolahoi peshazjang Sanoati vaznini respublika taraqq kard. Soli 1940 hajmi umumii istehsoloti sanoati suzishvori nazar ba soli 1918-um 32 barobar, moshinsozi va korkardi metall 28, chubu takhta 3,4 barobar afzud.
Sanoati vaznini respublika badi jang boz ham taraqqi kard. Sohahoi navi Sanoati vaznin — sanoathoi khimiya, zlektrotekhnika, gaz, bofandagi, moshinsozi khojagii qishloq va gayra ba vujud omadand. Sanoat ba istehsoli nurihoi minerali, transformator, masnuoti kabeli, yakhdon, dastgohhoi bofandagi, moshinhoi khojagii qishloq, gazi tabii shuru namud. Solhoi okhir dar joygirshavii Sanoati vaznin tagyiroti kulli ba amal omad. Dar Tojikistoni Markazi va Janubi Sharqi bisyor korkhonahoi Sanoati vaznin bunyod gardidand. Dar panjsolahoi badijangi korkhonahoi kaloni Sanoati vaznin — kombinati sementu shifer, zavodhoi yakhdon, «Tojiktekstilmash”, «Tojikkabell», transformatorbarori, nurihoi nitrogendor, alyuminiy, stansiyahoi olavii Dushanbe(225 hazor kiloVatt) va YOvon (180 hazor kiloVatt), Gidro Elektro Stansiyai Norak (2,7 million kiloVatt), Kombinati surbu ruhi Adrasmon, Kombinati madantozakunii Anzob,konhoi angishti «Tojikugol» (Shurob) sokhta shudand. 3avodi armaturbarorii ba nomi S. Orjonikidze vase karda shud. Dar panjsolai 9-um istehsoli mahsuloti metallurgiyai ranga 2,3 barobar, moshinsozi va korkardi metall 1,7, sanoati khimiya 2,1, elektroenergetika ziyoda az 1,5 barobar afzud. Soli 1980 stansiyahoi elektrii Tojikiston 13,6 milliard kiloVatt-soniya energiyai elektr istehsol namudand, ki nazar ba energiyai elektri Rossiyai torevolyutsioni (1913) 5,4 barobar ziyod bud. Zavodhoi armaturbarorii ba nomi S. Orjonikidze, «Tojiktekstilmash», 3avodi transformatorbarorii Qurgonteppa va gayra baroi zksport mahsulot mebarorand. Holo Tojikiston ba 42 mamllkat besh az 50 navi mahsuloti Sanoati vazninro eksport mekunad. Inkishofi istehsoloti sohahoi Sanoati vaznini respub- lika dar jadvali 3 aks yoftaast.
Adabiyot: Ocherki istorii narodnogo khozyaystva Tadjikistana, Dushanbe, 1967: Efimov A. N., Ekonomika i planirovanie sovetskoy promishlennosti, Moskva, 1970; Sharipov V., Rakhmatullaev X.. Shagi nashego razvitiya, Dushanbe, 1976: Narodnoe khozyaystvo Tadjikskoy Sovetskoy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki 1978 goda. Stat ejegodnik, Dushanbe, 1980; K a p u s t i n M. D., Itogi ekonomicheskogo i sosialnogo razvitiya Tadjikskoy Sovetskoy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki na chetire goda desyatoy pyatiletki i zadachi na 1980 god, Dushanbe, 1980. I. Rahmatoav.