SANOATI SPIRT

SANOATI SPIRT, yak sohai sanoati khurokvorigst, ki az ashyoi khomi istemoli (galla, kartoshka va gayra) spirti etili omekhta va kholis (rektifikat) hosil mekupad. Spirti etilro asosan dar sanoati khurokvori, tib pa radioelektronika istifoda mebarand. Ba maqsadhoi tekhniki miqdori ziyodi spirti etilro asosan bo rohi gidroliz istehsol namuda, bo usulhoi gunoguni khimiyavi sintez mekunand (nigared, Spirt). Bo rohi turshonii moddahoi qandu ohardor hosil kardani nushokihoi spirti az qadim malum bud. Hanuz dar asri 11 (Italiya) spirtro avvalii bor dar natijai bugronii may hosil karda budand. Minbad dar Evropai Garbi va Rossiya (asri 14) istehsoli spirt (asosan az galla) vusat yoft. Ba- robari taraqqii kapitalizm dar Rossiya shumorai korkhonahoi isteh- soli spirt afzud. Dar okhiri asri 19 va avvali asri 20 zavodhoi kaloni Sanoati spirt sokhta shudand.

Dar natijai ehtiyoji ruzafzuni tekhniki Sanoati spirt dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR taraqqi kard. 3avodhoi kaloni spirt dar viloyathoi Tula, Ivanovo, Kemerovo, Poltava, Jambu) va gayra sokhta shudand, ki bo tajhizoti nav tajhizonida shudaand. Soli 1980 istehsoli spirti etil (az ashyoi khomi ozuqa) nisbat ba 1940-um 2,3 barobar afzud.
Istehsoli spirti etil az ashyoi ozuqa dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR, million dal
Baroi Sanoati soat dar nohiyahoi korkardi sanoati muttahid kardani zavodhoi spirt, barobari gandumu kartoshka ba sifati ashyoi khom istifoda burdani melassai lablabui qand (moei sharbatmonandi siyohtob) khos ast. Soli 1940 az gandum 68% hajmi istehsolot, kartoshka 16,8%, melassa 15,2% spirt istehsol karda shud. Soli 1970 muvofiqan—50%, 9%, 41%. Solhoi 1965—1980 hosilnokii mehnat dar Sanoati spirt 70% afzud.
Dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston hamagi yak korkhonai istehsoli spirt (shahri Isfara) mavjud ast, ki sole ziyoda az 300 hazor dal spirti etili omekhta mebarorad. Istehsoli spirt dar in zavod sol to sol meafzoyad. Chunonchi, agar soli 1940 zavod hamagi 1000 dal spirt istehsol karda boshad, 1980 in miqdor ba 300 hazor dal rasid. Korkhonai spirti shahri Iofara sole ba mablagi 1,7 million sum mahsulot mebarorad. Foidai solonai zavod ziyoda az 40 hazor sum ast.
Masalahoi taraqqii sohai istehsoli spirt az purra jori kardani prosesshoi navi tekhnologi, intensivonii istehsolot, jori kardani sistsmahoi avtomatii idorai prosesshoi tekhnologi va avtomatonii kompleksi, mekhanikonii korhoi hamlu naql va gayra iboratand.
Adabiyot: Klimovskiy D. N.. S m i r n o v V. A., Stabnikov V. N.. Tekhnologiya spirta, Moskva, 1967; Spravochnik rabotnika spirtovoy promishlennosti, Kiev, 1972. M. Nurnazarov.