SAMANDAR

SAMANDAR (Triturus), s a q a n q u r , yak jinsi hayvonhot dumdori obkhokiro guyand, ki ba oilai salamandrho mansub ast. Darozii tanash to 18 sm; 10 namudash beshtar dar hamvoriho va kuhu jangalhoi Evropa va nohiyahoi ba on hamshafati Osiyo pahn shudaast. Zimistonro dar khushki (khonai khoyandaho, asri Sang va darakhthoi aftida, dar daruni kundahoi pusida va gayra) meguzaronad.

Dar qismi garbii Ukraina Samandari kholdor (S. salamandra) vomakhurad; darozii tanash to 70 sm. Dar choyhoi soya va nam, dar lonai khoyandaho, tarqishi kharsangho zindagi mekunad. Jinsi Samandarhoi dumdaroz (MegtensieJla) az du namud iborat buda, yakei onho (M. cancasica) dar garbi Gruziya maskun ast. Bahoron baroi tukhmguzori ba havzhoi na on qadar chuqur mekuchad. Pesh az in dar takhtapusht va dumi Samandari garina shonai balandi dandonador paydo meshanad. Bordorshavii Samandar chunin ast: Samandari narina spormatoforahoro, ki bisyor spermatozoid dorand, ba ob cap medihad va Samandari modina onhoro bo kanorhoi maqadash doshta megirad. Sipas tukhmi bordorshuda (qarib 150) qism-qism guzoshta meshavad. Kirmina badi 3— 5 moh (bazan badi yak sol) ba Samandar tabdil meyobad. Samandar dar ob asosan kharchangshaklhoi mayda, narmbadanho, hasharoti obi, tukhmi kurboqqa na dar khushki boshad, lesaku kirmi loykhurak, tortanak va hasharotro mekhurad. Samandar chun hayvoni laboratori -(baroi guzaronidani tajribaho) istifoda meshavad. Dar SSSR 5 namudash, az jumla Samandari muqarrari (T. vulgaris) va Samandari shonador (T. cristalus) vase pahn shudaast. Baze obkhokihoi qumdori digarro niz Samandar menomand.