SALTIKOV Mikhail Evgrafovich

SALTIKOV Mikhail Evgrafovich, Saltikov-Shedrin (familyaash Saltikov; takhallusash I.  Sh e d r i n; 27. 1. 1826, dehai Spas-Ugol, hozira rayoni Kalyaziii viloyaii Kalinin —10. 5. 1889, Peterburg), navisandai rus. Az oilai dvoryanin.

Dar Instituti dvorya­nii Moskva (1836 —1838) va litseyi Aleksandr (Sars­koe Seloy peshina) talim giriftaast (1844—1848). Dar davrai tahsil yak­chand sher navishta chop kunonid. Solhoi 40 bo javononi peshqadami Peteburg — petrashevchiyon nazdik shud. Dar tashakkuli jahonbinii Saltikov goyahoi demokrathoi rus V. G. Belinskiy, N. G. Chernishevskiy va sotsialistoni khayolii fransavi mavqei kalon doshtand. Dar povesthoi avvalini Saltikov «Ziddiyatho» (1847) va «Kori chigil» (1848) masalahoi tezu tundi ijtimoi ba miyon guzoshta shuda budand, az in ru boisi norozigii hukmrononi davr gardidand. Soli 1848 Saltikovro ba habs girifta ba Vyatka badarga kardand. Soli 1855 az badarga bargashta, «Ocherkhoi guberniya»-ro (1856— 1857) navisht, ki ba in asar N. A. Dob­rolyubov va N. G. Chernishevskiy bahoi baland doda budand. Saltikov faoliyati ejodii khudro bo korhoi davlati barobar pesh meburd: solhoi 1858—1862 noib-gubernatori Ryazan va Tver bud. Soli 1867 ba sababi «bemori» az kori davlati dast kashida, dar jurnali «Sovremennik» kor kard. Saltikov dar pesahoyash amaldoroni podshohiro foshu maskhara karda bud («Margi Pazukhin», «Hajviyahoi mansur», 1863). Dar «Janoboni Golovlyovho» (1875—1880; tarjumai tojiki 1859), «Sarpanohi Monrepo» (1878—1879), «Hikoyatho» (1882—1886) va digar asarhoyash pas az reformai sotsial-demokratii Ros­siya ba rui kor omadani munosibathoi navi burjuaziro aks namudaast. Solhoi 70—80 davrai avji ejodiyoti Saltikov meboshand. Dar asarhoi «Tarikhi yak shahr» (1869—1870), «Janoboni toshkandi» (1869—1872) va gayra sokhti davlatdorii Rossiyaro beamon tanqidu maskhara kardaast. Saltikov yakchand bor ba khorija safar karda, raftoru kirdori burjuaziyai irtijoii Evroparo dar kitobi «Dar khorija» mahkum namudaast.

Ba bemorii vaznin nigoh nakarda, solhoi okhiri umrash asarhoi bezavoli «Afsonaho» (1882—1886), «Tashvishi ruzgor» (1886—1887), «Qissai Nashekhon» (1887—1883) va gayraro ofarid. Saltikov oid ba nazariyai adabiyot, tanqidi adabi yak silsila talifoti ilmi dorad. V. I. Lenin dar publitsisti­ki khud ba obrazhoi ofaridai Saltikov murojiat mekard. Chand asari Saltikov baroi sahnai teatr instsenirovka shuda, az rui chand asarash film bardoshtaand. Dar shahri Kirov dar khonae, ki adib dar badarga zista bud, muze1i yodgori kushoda shudaast.

Os.: Sobranie sochinenii i pisem, t. 1—20, M., 1965—1980; Janoboni Golovlevcho, Stalinobod, 1959; Afsonaho, D., 1964; Tarikhi in shahr, D., 1974.

Ad.: Bibliografiya literaturi M. E. Saltikove-Shedrine. 1918—1965, M.—L. 1966; Shodiqulov H., Ustodi shuhratmandi hajv, D., 1976.