SAKOIHO

SAKOIHO, nomi qabilahoi eronizabon (aksaran kuchmanchiyon), ki dar hazorai 1 to melod va asrhoi avvali milod zindagi mekardand. Dar borai Sakoiho doir Avesto, tarikhnomahoi oshuriho, ki ba solhoi 641—640 to melod dakhl dorand, dar manbahoi atiqa, katibahoi eronii qadim, solnomahoi khitoi, makhazhoi hindi va gayra malumot darj shudaast (Dar makhazhoi atiqa odatan Saqoiho va skifho ba yak mano omadaand). Dar katibahoi eronii qadim se guruhi Saqoiho nom burda shudaand: Saqoihoi havmavarg (dar asarhoi muallifoni atiqa amorgiho), Saqoihoi tigrakhavd («kulohborik») va Saqoihoi «on sui bahr» (yane skifhoi Prichernomoriya). Dar adabiyoti muosiri ilmi qabilahoi qadimai nohiyahoi shimoli va sharqii Osiyoi Miyona, Qazoqiston, Turkistoni Sharqi bar khilofi massagethoi ba onho kheshi nazdi bahri Aralu Zakaspiy va skifhoi shimoli nazdi bahri Siyoh Saqoiho nomida shudaand. Dar okhiri asri 6 va ibtidoi asri 5 to melod yak qismi Saqoihoro shohoni Eron (az sulolai Hakhomanishiyon) ba khud tobe kardand va az onho andoz va askar megiriftand; Saqoiho az tarafi lashkari forsiyon dar janghoi Yunonu Eron (500—449 to melod) ishtirok kardand, dar viloyathoi gunoguni davlati Hakhomanishiyon khizmati harbiro ba jo meovardand. Mashguliyati asosii Saqoiho chorvodorii kuchi bud; guruhhoi alohidai onho ba hayoti muqimi meguzashtand. Dar mahalhoi Saqoihoi Osiyoi Miyona jamiyati sinfi ba vuchud meomad. Dar bayni Saqoiho prosessi ba tabaqahoi ijtimoi judoshavi ogoz meyobad; tabaqai ayoni Saqoiho sarvat megundosht; dar barobari in munosibathoi avlodiyu qabilavi niz mavqe doshtand. Miyonahoi asri 3 to melod yak guruh qabilahoi Saqoiho ba khoki Port zada daromadand va dar tashkilshavii davlati Port sahm doshtand. Badtar in qabilaho ba mahalli Drangiyon daromada, dar on jo muqimi shudand va ba Drangiyon nomi Sakiston («mamlakati Saqoiho», hozira Siston)-ro dodand. Dar okhiri asri 2 va nimai avvali asri 1 to melod Saqoiho ba Hindustoni Shimoli cap darovardand. Dar territoriyai hozirai Osiyoi Miyona, Afgoniston, Pokiston va Hindustoni Shimoli dar asrhoi avvali solshumorii mo Saqoiho, ehtimol, bo khalqhoi mahalli va qabilahoi kuchmanchi omekhta shudand. Dar Turkistoni Sharqi (Khutan) zaboni onho to asri
10 solshumorii mo boqi mond. Saqoiho dar etnogenezi khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona, Afgoniston va Hindustoni Shimoli mavqei kalom doshtand.
Ëdgorihoi madanii Saqoihoro arkheologhoi soveti dar mahalhoi janubi RSS Qazoqiston, RSS Uzbekiston, RSS Tojikiston va RSS Qirgiziston kashf kardand. Saqoiho asosan khudoi oli— Oftobro meparastidand. Ba sanati Saqoiho tasviri khayvonot khos ast. Eposi Saqoiho khele qadimiyu khele boy ast.
Ad.: Bernshtam A. N.. Istoriko- arkheologicheskie ocherki Sentralnogo Tyan-Shanya i Pamiro-Alap, M.—L., 1952; Gafurov B. G., Tadjiki. Drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya, M., 1972; Litvinskiy B. A., Drevnie kochevniki «Krishi mira», m , 1972; Artamonov M. I., Sokrovisha sakov, M., 1973; Vishnevskaya ‘O. A., Kultura sakskikh plemyon nizovev Sirdari v VII—V vv do n. a., M.‘, 1973;
P ya n k o v I. V., Saki (soderjanie ponyatiya).— «Izv. OON AN Tadjikskoy SSR», 1968. 3 (53); Fray R.. Nasledie Irana, M., 1972.
X. Muhiddinov, Q. Boboev.