SAYD

SAYD, parranda va hayvonotest, ki baroi gusht shikor kunand. Az Sayd tibit, par, pust, muina, shokh niz megirand. Shikori murgogro Saydi parranda, shikori hayvonotro Sayd chorpo guyand. Murgoni saydi muvofiqi joi zist beshagi (murgi beshagi— tehu, kabki safed, titav, chilmurg, tazarv va gayra), d a sh t i va s a h r o i (kabki khokistarrang va dauri, bedona, strepet, tugdor, turnai khurd, sajja va gayra), obi (murgobi, goz, qu va gayra), b o t l o q i (loykhurakho: kurpatak, bedonai obi, dupel, garshnep va gayra), kuhi (kabki dari, kabki holol yo murgi hilol va gayra) meshavand.

Ba chorpoi saydi zargush va namudhoi gunoguni hayvonoti sumdori vakhshi (gavazn, gazol, saydak, gurm, nakhchir. arkhar, muflon, kholgul, morkhur) dokhil meshavand.
Dar SSSR sole qarib 50 mln parrandavu hayvonotro sayd mekunand. Az parrandahoi shikori makhsusan murgoni obie, ki dar obanborhoi dokhili mamlakat va jazirahoi uqyonushoi Yakhbastai Shimoliyu Orom
sokinand, ahamiyati kalon dorand. Miqdori solonai (solhoi 60 asri 20) in guna murgoni shikori ba 25—30 mln merasad. Nohiyahoi asosii shikor: Sibiri Garbi, Qazoqiston, mavzehoi nazdisohili va khalijhoi bahrhoi Safed, Baltii, Siyoh, Kaspiy va Aral. Dar mintaqahok besha va beshadashti Qismi evropoii SSSR, Sibiri Garbi va Sharqi sole 12—15 mln Saydi beshagi, dar qismi evropoii SSSR, Sibiri Garbi va Qazoqiston sole qarib 3 mln murgoni botloqi (loykhurakho), dar dashthoi nokorami Qazoqistonu Zabaykaliya boshad, qarib 1 mln Saydi dashti, ammo dar kuhhoi Kavkaz, Kabuddog, Tiyonshonu Oltoy, ba miqdori kam Saydi kuhi (kabk, murgi hilol) shikor mekunand. Bisyor namudhoi nodiri murgoni saydi (qu, kazarka, flamingo, turvahoi safedu siyoh, tugdor va gayra) zeri nazorat girifta shudaand va shikori onho muvaqqatan man ast. Gushti murgoni saydi sergizo va khuroki parhezist. Dar SSSR chorpoi saydi asosan zargush va namudhoi gunoguni hayvonoti sumdori vahshiand, sole 5—6 mln zargush shikor meshavad. Ba vositai tadbirhoi zaruri oid ba muqarrar kardani muhlat, nizomi durusti shikor va ba sharoiti nav mutobiq namudani hayvonoti sumdori vahshi sarshumori onho soli 1972 to 5—6 mln afzud. (Sole qarib 400 hazor sari onhoro shikor mekunand). Dar tundrayu beshatundra va qismi ziyodi tayga sole to 30 hazor gavazni shimolii vahshi shikor meshavad. Dar mintaqahoi besha va beshadasht beshtar shohgavazn (sole 30—35 hazor), dar Qismi evropoii SSSR gavazni evropoi, dar Oltoy va jan sibiri Sharqi maral, dar Sharqi Dur maral va izyubr, dar mintaqai beshai Qismi evropoii SSSR, Sibiru Sharqp Dur ohu shikor mekunand; dar kuhhoi Oltoy, Sayan, Sibiri Sharqi, janubi Primoriya gavazni khurdi beshokhi kabargaro bo muvaffaqiyat meparvarand. Dar janubi Primoriya gavazni kholdor (sarshumori umumii on dar SSSR qarib 40 hazor) niz, ki shikori on muvaqqatan man ast, parvarish meyobad. Dar dashtu biyobonhoi Osiyoi Miyona va Qazoqiston saydak shikor mekunand. Ba tufayln tadbirhoe, ki oid ba muhofizati saydak andeshidaand, sarshumori on to 2 mln (har sol 200—250 hazor cap shikor meshavad) ziyod shudaast. Namudhoi digari ohu, masalan, goral (kuhhoi Primoriya), dzeren (dashthoi Zabaykaliya), gazol yo jiron (dashthoi Osiyoi Miyona, az juml a Tojikiston va Zakavkaziya), serna (Kavkaz) khelo nodirand va shikori onho muvaqqatan man ast. Dar viloyathoi markazii Qismi evropoii SSSR, Ukraina, Kavkaz, Osiyoi Mieyona, Qazoqiston, Sharqi Dur, Oltoy, Sayan. kishj. Primoriya va gayra sole 30—35 hazor cap guroz shikor mekunand. Az buzhoi kuhi asosan nakhchir (dar kuhsori Tiyonshon, Oltoy, Sayan va inchunin Tojikiston) shikor meshavad. Shikori digar namudhoi buzi kuhi (turi kavkazi, turi dogistoni, takkai bezoaravi, morkhur va gayra) dar aksar nohiyaho muvaqqatan man ast. Arkhar, gurm, muflon (gusfandoni kuhi)-ro dar kuhhoi Osiyoi Miyona, Oltoy, Kamchatka, Zakavkaziya shikor mekunand; shikori onhoro niz muvakqatan (to barqaror shudani sarshumorashon) man kardaand. Gushti hayvonoti sumdori vahshi az gushti hayvonoti khonagi sergizotar ast. Pustashon niz baroi tayyor kardani charmu zamisha ashyoi khomi alost. Az shokhi narm (pant)-i gavazni kholdor, maral va izyubr daruy pantokrin tayyor mekunand.
SSSR az jihati zakhirai Sayd dar jahon joi yakumro megirad. Sayd dar tamomi mamlakathoi jahon sarvati umumikhalqi buda, muhofizat, istifodai oqilona va ziyod kardani sarshumori onro davlat nazorat mekunad. Saydro muvofiqi muhlat va qoidahoi shikor, ki organhoi davlatii idorai khojagihoi shikor muqarrar namudaand, shikor mekunand.
Dar mamlakathoi Evropai Garbi sole ziyoda az 70 hazor shohgavazn, 140— 150 hazor gavazn, ziyoda az 1 mln ohu, ziyoda az 100 hazor guroz, to 10 mln zargush, to 2 mln kabk, ziyoda az 5 mln tazarv, beshtar aa 15 mln murgobi va gayra shikor meshavad. Dar IMA va Kanada niz, chun dar mamlakathoi Evropa, ba gayr az shikori Saydhoi mamul (gavaznhoi dumsafedu dumsiyohi amerikoi, khargushni vahshi, tehu, badonai vargini, tazarv, kabk va gayra), murghoi saydi (tazarv, kabk, kryak va gayra parvarish mekunand va jujahoyashonro ba jangalzorhoi tabii cap medihand. Masalai parvarish va muhofizati Sayd ba programmai Kongressi baynalkhalqii biologho — shikorshinoson kongressi 10-um, Parij, soli 1971) dokhil shudaast. Nig niz Shikor, Khojagihoi shikori, Shikori hayvonoti muinador.