SADO

SADO, mavjhoi chandirro guyand, ki dar muhiti gazshakl, moe va sakht pahn meshavand va onhoro gushi odam qabul karda metavonad. Odam Sadoi basomadash az 16 Gs to 20000 Gs-ro meshunavad. Sadoi basomadash az 16 Gs khurd infrasado va Sadoi basomadash az 20000 Gs kalon ultrasado nom dorad. Mavjhoi chandiri balandbasomadi diapazonashon az 109 to 1012—1013 Gs-ro gipersado meguyand. Spektrhoi sado yaklukht va rakh- rakh meshavand. Intensiviyati Sado ba amplitudai fishori Sado, khosiyathoi khudi muhit va shakli mavj vobastaast. Jihati subektivii Sado, ki bo intensiviyati on aloqamand ast, balandii Sado meboshad, ki ba basomad vobasta ast.

Har guna prosesse, ki boisi dar muhit tagyir yoftani fishor megardad, yo khud shiddati mekhaniki manbahoi mavji Sado shuda metavonand. Dar tabiat Sado hangomi jismhoi sakhtro shorida guzashtani havo az hisobi paydoishi girdbodho (masalan, hangomi ba sim, gulba va qullahoi mavji bahr tasir kardaii bod) angezonida meshavad. Qabulkunakhoi Sado baroi qabul kardan va ba digar namudhoi energiya tabdil dodani energiyai Sado khizmat mekupand. Uzvi someai odam va hayvonot qabulkunakhoi Sado meboshand. Dar tekhnika baroi qabuli Sado tabdildihandahoi elektroakustiki, dar havo mikrofonho, dar ob gidrofonho, dar qishri Zamin geofonho istifoda meshavand. Pahnshavii mavjhoi Sado pesh az hama bo surati sado tavsif doda meshavad. Dar muhithoi gazshaklu moe mavjhoi tulie (samti lappishi zarraho bo samti pahnshavii mavj muvofiq ast) pahn megardand, ki suratashon bo tazyiqpaziriyu zichii muhit muayyan karda meshavand. Dar jismhoi sakht, gayr az mavjhoi tuli, mavjhoi arzi (samti lappish ba samti pahnshavii mavj amudi ast) va mavjhoi sagdi niz pahn meshavand. Hangomi dar muhit pahn shudani mavjhoi Sado dar yak qator mavridho dispersiya, interferensiya va difraksiyai Sado mushohida megardad. Gilzat va garmigunjoishi muhit, inchunin ba energiyai prososshoi dokhil imolokugarn tabdil yoftani energiyai Sado boisi furuburdi on megardad. Furuburdi afzoishi basomadi on meafzoyad. Binobar on ultrasado va gipersado, ki basomadashon ziyod ast, ba masofahoi khurd (odatan, ba chand sm) pahn meshavand. Dar atmosfera, ob va qishri Zimin I mavjhoi infrasado az hama durtar meshavand, zero onho furuburd va parokanishi khurd dorand. Ba tadqiqu omuzishi mavjhoi Sado akustika mashgul ast.
Ad.: Chedd. GreKhem. Zvuk. (per. s angl.), M., 1975; Rastorguev B. P., Okno i mir zvuka, M., 1978;
A. Asrorov.