ROBITAHOI ZAMINIYu OFTOBI

ROBITAHOI ZAMINIYu OFTOBI, tasiri tagyiroti huruji Oftobro ba hodisoti zamini guyand. Saviyai khuruji Oftob (miqdori sohahoi faol va doghoi Oftob, miqdor va iqtidori afrukhthoi oftobi va gayra) bo davri taqriban 11-sola tagyir. meyobad. Dar Zamin davri 11-sola dar yak qator hodisahoi tabiati organiki va gayriorganiki (oshubhoi maydoni magniti, fajri qutbi, oshubhoi ionosfera, bo davri 11-sola tagyir yoftani surati sabzishi darakhton va gayra) zuhur meyobad. Ba prosesshoi zamini hamchunin sohahoi faol va afrukhthoi kutohmuddati dar ayni zamon muqtadiri Of¬tob tasir merasonand. Puriqtidortarin zuhuroti afrukhthoi khuruji Oftob — afrukhthoi oftobi (khromosferi) nomuntazam ba amal meoyand va 5—40 daqiqa, bazan chand soat davom mekunand. Energiyai afrukhti khromosferi to ba —1032 erg (1025 J) rasida metavonad. Az energiyai hangomi afrukht khorijshuda tanho 1—10%-ash ba afkanishoti elektromagnitii diapazoni optiki muvofiq meoyad.

Khuruji Oftob mohiyatan ba energetikai Zamin (chun sayyora) tasir namekunad, ammo baze komponenthoi judogonai afkanishoti afrukhthoi khromosferi va sohahoi faoli Oftob ba bisyor prosesshoi fi¬ziki, biofiziki va biokhimiyavii dar Zamin baamaloyanda tasiri kalon rasonda metavonand.
Sohahoi faol i Oftob manbai puriqtidori afkanishoti korpuskulavi ham meboshand. Afkanishoti kutohmavj va nurhoi kayhoni oftobi dar arzhoi baland atmosferai Zaminro ionizonida shaffofiyati atmosferaro dar diapazonhoi ultrabunafsh va infrasurkh, hamchunin sharoithoi pahnoishi radiomavjhoi kutohro tagyir medihand. Hamin tariq, tasiri faol iyati Oftob ba hodisahoi geofiziki bo yorii radiat¬siyai kutohmavj va tavassuti maydoni magnitii Zamin intiqol me¬yobad. Shoyad omilhoi mazkur baroi prosesshoi fizikaviyu khimiyavi va biologi ham asosi boshand. Hamai robitahoe, ki boisi az rui davri 11-sola tagyir yoftani bisyor hodisahoi zamini megardand, holo osh¬kor nashudaand. Ammo dastovardhoi ilmi az vujud doshtani chunin robitaho darak medihand. Macalan, ba davri 1/1-solai khuruji Oftob aloqamand budani zilzila, tagyir yof¬tani sathi obi kulho, hosilnokii ziroatu sabzabot, afzudan va kuchidani hasharot, epidemiyahoi gripp, tif, vabo, afzoishi amrozi ragu dil va gayra muqarrar karda shudaand. Malumoti nomburda az tagyiroti doimii R. z. o. shahodagg medihapd. Ku- shodapi qufli asrori Robitahoi zaminiyu oftobi ahamiyati kaloni ilmiyu amali dorad. Masalan, dar hamin asos vazi obu havoro baroi muddati daroz peshgui kardan imkonpazir megardad. Dar tarikhi omuzishi ilmii Robitahoi zaminiyu oftobi tadqiqoti olimi soveti A. L. Chijev¬skiy maqomi baland dorad. Uro barhaq bunyodguzori geliobiologiya (ilmest dar bobi tasiri Robitahoi zaminiyu oftobi ba hodisoti biologi) menomand.
Ad.: Ellison M. A., Solnse i ego vliyanie na Zemlyu, M., 1959; Solnechno¬zemnaya fizika, Sb., per. s angl., 1968; Chijevskiy A. L., Zemnoe ekho sol¬nechnikh bur, M., 1976.