RIShTA

RIShTA, 1) Bemorii rishta, drakunkulyoz, yak nav bemorie, ki dar badani hayvonot yo odam (beshtar dar qismi poyonii on, dar magzi gushtu pust) paydo meshavad. Rishta taqriban 1500 sol to milod dar dastkhathoi Misr zikr yofta bud. Dar Bukhoro Rishtaro avvalin shuda ibtidoi asri 11 Ibni Sino ba qayd girifta, usuli nugi berun baromadai kirmro ba chubchai qalagi pechonida ohista az zeri pust berun ovardani onro istifoda karda bud. Ba Rishta az hayvonho sag, shagol va gayra giriftor meshavand. To soli 1869 sababi siroyat yoftani odam malum nabud. Olimi rus A. P. Fedchenko sokhti badan va tarzi zistu inkishofi kirmi Rishtaro omukhta isbot namud, ki sohibi mobaynii on siklopho meboshand.

Alhol Rishta dar yak qator nohiyahoi Afrika, Hinduston, nimjazirai Arabiston, Eron, Braziliya pahn shudaast. Pesh dar Osiyoi Miyona niz Rishta kam nabud. Holo bo kushishi olimi soveti L. M. Isaev va hamkoroni u nest shudaast; az soli 1932 in jonib kase ba in bemori giriftor nashudaast. Vale solhoi 1946—1956 V. I. Chernishev dar janubi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston dar zeri pusti 7 sha- gol kirmi Rishtai boligro yofta bud. Pas, Rishta dar bayni hayvonot hanuz ham dida meshudaast. Odam ba Rishta hangomi bo ob furu burdani siklopho, ki homili kirminai Rishta meboshand, siroyat meyobad. Kirmina ba vositai khun ba zeri pust (asosan pusti poy) daromada, on jo kalon meshavad. Badi 9—14 mohi «siroyat khorishi pust, shiddatyobii tangshavii nafas va gayra ruy doda, dil behuzur meshavad, kas qay mekunad va dam ba dam az hush meravad. Dar girdogirdi joi siroyatyoftai pust obila paydo meshavad. Bazan dar obila kirm namudor shuda meistad. Badi yakchand ruz obila kafida rim mebaroyad.

M u o l i j a: asosan bo yorii chubcha berun ovardani kirm (nigared rasm); istemoli vositahoi ziddigazak va ziddiallergi; bazan jarrohi.
Pe shg i r i: andeshidani tadbirhoi az ob tamin kardani aholi.
2) Kirmi gvinei yo kirmi m e d i s i (Bgasipsi1iz tebshepzgz), yak namudi kirmhoi parazit az sinfi nematodaho, ki dar odam bemorii rishtaro ba vujud meorad. Darozii modinaash 120 santimetr, narinaash 4 santimetr meshavad. Rishta kirmi zindazo buda, 8—10 million kirmcha (andozaash 0,65 millimetr) mezoyad.
Dar mamlakathoi tropiki va subtropiki pahn shudaast. Dar Ittifoqi Respublikahoi Sovetii Sotsialisti Soyuz Sovetskikh Sosialisticheskikh Respublik SSSR to solhoi 30 dar Osiyoi Miyona duchor meomad; alhol batamom nest shudaast.
Adabiyot: Fedchenko A.P., O stroenii i razmnojenii rishti, Moskva, 1870; Ch e r n i sh e v V. I., Fauna i ekologiya mlekopitayushikh tugaev Tadjikistana, «Tr. IZIP AN Tadjikskoy Sovetskoy Sosialisticheskoy Respubliki », tom 85, Dushanbe, 1958; Kassirskiy I. A„ Plotnikov N. N„ Bolezni jarkikh stran, Moskva„ 1968.
M. N. Narziqulov.