REVOLYuTSIYaI FINLYaNDIYa

REVOLYuTSIYaI FINLYaNDIYa, revolyutsiyai korgaroni Finlyandiya, ki yanvar — mai 1918 ba vujud omadaast. Dar sharoiti boloravii harakati revolyutsioni va tasiri Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr ba vuqu payvast. Shabi 28 yanvar qismhoi Gvardiyai Surkh javoban ba terrori gvardiyachiyoni safed binoi senat va digar muassisahoi markaziro ishgol namudand. Khuruji korgaroni Khelsinkiro asosan korgaroni shahrhoi qismi janubii Finlyandiya, ki sanoati beshtar taraqqikardae doshtand, dastgiri kardand. Shimol va qismi ziyodi nohiyahoi markazii mamlakat, ki baze azoyoni senati burjuazi ba on jo gurekhta budand, zeri nazorati quvvahoi irtijoi mond. 28 yanvar dar Khelsinki hukumati revolyutsioni— Soveti namoyandagoni khalq (SNKh) tashkil shud. 29 yanvar Soveti namoyandagoni khalq SNKh programmai khudro elon namud, ki on kharakteri demokrati doshta, mehnatkashonro bo rohi sokhtmoni sotsialisti davat mekard. Komitethoi sanoati tashkil meyoftand; qismhoi tashkilothoi korgari amalan ba organhoi diktaturai proletariat mubaddal shudand. 31 yanvar Soveti namoyandagoni khalq SNKh dar borai az tobeiyati feodalon barovardani dehqonon qonun qabul kard.

1 fevral Soveti namoyandagoni khalq SNKh banki Finlyandiyaro ba dasti khud girifta, dar borai sudhoi revolyutsioni qonuni muvaqqa-ti qabul namud. 12 fevral bankhoi khususi zeri nazorati davlat guzash-tand. Bisyor korkhonahoi sanoati davlati gardidand. Rossiyai Soveti ba mehnatkashoni Finlyandiya dar bobati bo ozuqa tamin namudani onho yorii kalon rasond. 23 fevral loihai konstitutsiyai demokrati nashr shud, ki muvofiqi on Finlyandiya respublika elon shuda, tamomi hokimiyat ba khalq taalluq dosht. 1 mart bayni Rossiyskaya Sosalisticheskaya  Federativnaya Sovetskaya Respublika RSFSR va Res-publikai sotsialistii korgarii Finlyandiya Shartnomai mustaqkam namudani dusti va barodari ba imzo rasid, ki on mustaqiliyati Fin-lyandiyaro taqviyat medod. Burjuaziyai Finlyandiya, ki az pakhsh namu-dani revolyutsiya ojiz bud, az imperialistoni Germaniya imdod khost. 7 mart dar Berlin bayni namoyandagoni hukumati kontrrevolyutsioni va hukumati Germaniya shartnomae ba imzo rasid, ki on Finlyandiyaro az jihati siyosi va iqtisodi tobei Germaniya gardonid. Hanua 5 mart otryadi yakumi nemisho ba jazirahoi Aland faromad. 3 aprel Diviziyai Baltika (12 hazor nafar), 7 aprel boshad, boz yak otryad (iborat az 3 hazor nafar askar) ba aqibgohi gvardiyachiyoni surkh ovarda shudand. Qati nazar az muqobilati qahramononai Gvardiyai Surkh (80 hazor nafar) va yorii Rossiyai Soveti, 6 aprel qushunhoi finhoi safed tahti farmondohii general K. G. Mannergeym dar nazdikii shahri Tammerfors galabai qati ba dast ovardand va onro ishgol na-mudand. Qushunhoi nemis 14 aprel Khelsinki, 29 aprel Viborgro zabt namudand. Burjuaziyai fin ba revolyutsioneron va azoyoni oilai on-ho jazoi sakht dod: 90 hazor kas habs, 8 hazor kas qatl karda shud. Ba yak qismi gvardiyachiyoni surkh muyassar gardid, ki dar territoriyai Rossiyskaya Sosalisticheskaya  Federativnaya Sovetskaya Respublika RSFSR panoh barand. Sabaqi revolyutsiya va sababhoi shikastkhurii onro omukhta, rohbaroni sinfi korgari Finlyandiya ba tashkili Partiyai Kommunistii Finlyandiya shuru namudand; sezdi muassisoni on 29 avgust 1918 barpo gardid.

Adabiyot: Kholodkovskiy V. M., Revolyusiya 1918 goda v Finlyandii i germanskaya intervensiya, Moskva, 1967.