RESPUBLIKAI KhALQII SOVETII KhORAZM (RKhSKh)

RESPUBLIKAI KhALQII SOVETII KhORAZM (RKhSKh), respublikai sovetiest dar Osiyoi Miyona, ki solhoi 1920—24 vujud dosht. Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm fevrali 1920 dar natijai galabai revolyutsiyai khalqii ziddiimperialisti, ki onro qismhoi Armiyai Surkh dastgiri karda budand, dar territoriyai khonii Kheva tashkil yoft. Masohatash taqriban 62,2 hazor kilometr3, aholiash ziyoda az 600 hazor nafar buda, onro asosan uzbekho, turkmanho, qa- roqalpoqho, tojikon va gayra tashkil medodand. Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh bo Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Bukhoro va Respublikai Avtonomii Sovetii Sotsialistii Turkiston hamhudud bud. Poytakhtash shahri Kheva. Galabai Revolyutsiyai Kabiri Sotsialistii Oktyabr dar Turkiston ba ommai mehnatkashi khonii Kheva tasiri kalon bakhshid. Avvali soli 1919 dar Petroaleksandrovsk (hozira shahriTurtkul) avvalin guruhi kommunistni Kheva ba vujud omad. Noyabri 1919 mehnatkashoni Kheva bo rohbarii kommuniston shurish bardoshtand. Dar tayyor namudani revolyutsiya ba revolyutsioneroni Kheva Partiyai Kommunistii Turkiston, Komissiyai turkistonii Komiteti Ijroiyai Markazii Umumirossiya, Soveti Komissaroni Khalqi Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya RSFSR va Komiteti Markazii Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (bolshevikov) (b) kumak kardand. Hukumati Soveti bo khohishi revolyutsioneroni Kheva va bo maqsadi khotima guzoshtan ba hamlahoi mojarojuyon ba Turkistoni Soveti dar muborizai khalqi Kheva ba muqo- bili Junaydkhon yorii harbi rasond. Qismhoi Armiyai Surkh yakjoya bo otryadhoi revolyutsionii Kheva avvali fevrali 1920 quvvahoi aksulinqilobii Junaydkhoero torumor kardand. 2 fevrali 1920 dar shahri Kheva mitingi ommavi barpo gardid. Bo talabi khalq khoni Kheva Said Abdulloh az takht dast kashid. Hokimiyat ba ikhtiyori Komiteti muvaqqatii revolyutsioni guzasht.
Kheva kishvare bud nisbat ba Turkiston aqibmonda. Binobar in dar davrai avval Hokimiyati sovethoi khalqi vazifai diktaturai revolyutsioni-demokratii proletariat va dehqononro ijro mekard. Dar rafti revolyutsiya bloki ziddifeodaliyu ziddimperialistie tashkil yoft, ki dar on barobari mehnatkashon, inchunin burjuaziyai tijorati va sanoatii hunarmandii uzbek dar shakhsi javonkhevagiho (partiyai burjuaziyai milli) va baze sardoroni qabilahoi feodali ishtirok doshtand. Muttahidshavii in quvvaho sarnagun kardani khonro oson kard. In revolyutsiya az jihati khususiyat, quvvahoi harakatdihanda va natijahoi khud revolyutsiyai ziddifeodali va dar ayni hol revolyutsiyai ziddiimperialisti niz bud va ba muqobili imperialistoni anglis va gayra nigaronida shuda bud, ki onho dar zamoni Jangi grajdani (1918—20) kushish doshtand khonii Khevaro ba plasdarmi hujumi ziddi Turkistoni Shimoli tabdil dihand.
26—30 apreli 1920 dar shahri Kheva Qurultoi 1-umi Umumikhorazmii Sovetho barguzor shud. Vladimir Ilich Lenin Raisi Fakhrii Qurultoy iitikhob gardid. Qurultoy tashkilyobii Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh- ro elon namud va konstitutsiyai nakhustini respublikaro qabul kard. Konstitutsiya ozodii khalqi Khorazmro tamin namuda, huquqi zanu mardro barobar kard, molikiyati khususi budani zamin va vositahoi istehsolotro etirof karda, ba yak qismi sinfhoi istismorgar huquqi intikhoboti dod. Az huquqi intikhoboti faqat zamindoroni kalon va sudkhuron mahrum budand. Sudhoi peshina, maktabhoi usuli kuhna, zaminhoi vaqf, oqsaqolon va gayra hanuz vujud doshtand. Qurultoy inchunin hukumati nav — Soveti Nozironi Khalqro iitikhob kard. Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh, ki davlati makhsusi khalqi-demokratii davrai guzarish bud, meboist munosibathoi feodali-patriarkhaliro barham zada, baroi kapitalizmro az sar naguzaronida ba rohi sotsialistii taraqqiyot guzashtani respublika sharoiti iqtisodi va siyosi faroham meovard. Hokimiyati Soveti dar Khorazm dar muborizai purshiddati ziddi muqobilati devonavori boyho, ruhoniyoni musulmon, javonkhevaihoi rost, ki onhoro quvvahoi irtijoii mamlakathoi imperialisti dastgiri mekardand, mustahkam meshud. Baroi behtar gardidani vaziyati dokhili va baynalkhalqii Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh shartnomai bayii Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya RSFSR va RKhSKh, ki 13 sentyabri1920 dar Moskva imzo shud, ahamiyati kalon dosht. Dar asosi in shartnoma Respublikai Sovetii Federativii Sotsialistii Rossiya RSFSR bo Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh muohidahoi harbi-siyosi, iqtisodi va gayra bast, dar tashkili quvvahoi musallah, tasisi apparati davlatii respublika yorii amali rasond. 10—11 dekabri 1921 dar shahri Kheva Sezdi 1-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Khorazm barpo gardid va on oid ba masalai iqtisodi va milli qarorhoi dakhldor qabul kard. Dar avvalli 1922 Partiyai Kommunistii Khorazm ba hayati Rossiyskaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya (bolshevikov) RKP(b) qabul shud. Baroi barham dodani kharobii iqtisodi, az nav barqaror namudan va taraqqi dodani khojagii khalqi respublikahoi Turkiston, Bukhoro va Khorazm marti 1923 bo qarori Konferensiyai 1-umi iqtisodii Turkiston, Bukhoro va Khorazm se respublika az jihati iqtisodi muttahid shudand va markazi yagonai iqtisodi — Soveti iqtisodii Osiyoi Miyona (SIOM) tasis yofg. Natijai hamin muttahidshavi bud, ki maydoni kishti pakhtai Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh agar soli 1922 8 770 gektarro tashkil dihad, soli 1923 ba 32776 gektar rasid; hosilnokii ziroati khojagii qishloq, sarshumori chorvo afzud; khojagihoi kooperativi ba vujud meomadand. Sanoat niz ravnaq meyoft. Muvaffaqiyathoi hayoti siyosi, iqtisodi va madani baroi tabdil dodani Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh ba Respublikai sotsialisti zamina faroham ovardand. Sezdi 3-yumi Partiyai Kommunistii Khorazm (iyuli 1023) programmai sokhtmoni sotsializmro muayyan namud. Sezdi 4-umi Umumi-khorazmii Sovetho(17—20 oktyabri 1923) Khorazmro Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialisti elon namuda, Konstitutsiyai navro qabul kard, ki on prosessi ba okhir rasidani davrai khalqi-demokratii revolyutsiya va ba davrai revolyutsiyai sotsialisti guzashtanro qonuni gardond. Sezdi 5-umi Umumikhorazmii Sovetho (29 sentyabri—20 oktyabri 1924) dar asosi khudmuayyankunii millatho va irodai khalqhoi Khorazmro ifoda namuda qaror kard, ki khalqhoi Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh ba hayati respublikahoi millii nav tashkilyoftai Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Turkmaniston va Viloyati Avtonomii Qaroqalpoqiston dokhil shavand. Dar rafti tainoti milli-davlatii respublikahoi Sovetii Osiyoi Miyona Respublikai Khalqii Sovetii Khorazm RKhSKh barham khurd.

Adabiyot: N e p e s o v G., Iz istorii Khorezmskoy revolyusii 1020—24 godov., Tashkent, 1902; S a m a t o v a X. S., I sh anov I. A., Obrazovanie Khorezmskoy i Bukharskoy Narodnikh Sovetskikh Respub-lik, dar kitobi: Istoriya sovetskogo gosudarstva i prava, tom 1—2, Moskva, 1968; Velikiy Oktyabr i pobeda narodnoy revolyusii v Khorezme, Tashkent, 1971; Istoriya Bukharskoy i Khorezmskoy Narodnikh Sovetskikh Respublik, Moskva, 1971.