RADIOASTRONOMIYa

RADIOASTRONOMIYa (az radio… va astronomiya), yak fasli astrono­miya ast, ki dar on bo yorii radioteleskopi obekthoi astronomi (jirmhoi osmoni — Oftob, sitoraho, galaktikaero va gayra)-ro zimni radioafkanishoti khosai onho, ki dar diapazoni mavjhoi az chand mm to 40 m ba amal meoyad, tadqiq mekunand (nig. Astrofizika). Zimni tadqiqoti Radioastronomiya yak qator malumothoi purqimat dastras gardidaand, ki muhimtarinashon inhoand: a) malumot dar borai atmosferai Oftob, ki qabathoi gunoguni on energiyai khudro dar diapazonhoi mukhtalifi mavjho meafkanand; b) malumot dar borai tashkilahoi faoli Oftob (dogho, afruzshiho va gayraho), ki imkoniyat medihand paydoishi selhoi korpuskulavi (az jumla shuohoi kayhonii paydoishashon oftobi)-ro peshgui kunand; v) malumot dar borai afkanishoti garmi va digar kharakteristikahoi qabathoi sathi va atmosferai sayyoraho (masalan, Zuhra); g) malumot dar borai radioshalpose, ki hangomi afruzishhoi optikii baze sitorahoi Galaktika paydo meshavand va dar borai shartu sharoithoi fizikii sohahoi tadqiqshavanda akhborot medihand; d) malumot dar borai Meta­galaktika, ki dar on ziyoda az 104 manbat radioafkanishot mushohida shuda, qpsmi beshtarashon galakti­kai khosae meboshand, ki baso asrorangezand. Radioastronomiya tatbiqhoi amali ham dorad, ki asositarinashon inhoand: navigatsiya (hangomi dar havoi tira istifoda burdani radiosekstantho); lokatsiyai gayrifaol (hosil kardani manzarai haroratii sathi Zamin); tekhnikai anteni (hangomi mushohidai manbahoi malumi radioafkanishot parametrhoi antennahon kalonro chep namudan). Astronomiyai radiolokatsioni, ki dar on baze sayyoraho, Moh, meteorho va digar obekthoi kayhoni bo usuli radiolokatsioni omukhta me­shavand, fasli mustaqili Radioastronomiyaro tashkil dodaast. Bisyor rasadkhonavu instituthoi astronomi dar sohai Radioastronomiya tadqiqot mebarand. Dar SSSR koordinatsiyai kori onhoro Shuroi ilmii AF SSSR oid ba problemai «Radioastronomiya» va Shuroi astronomii AF SSCP ba zimma dorad. Dar miqyosi baynalkhalqi faoliyati tashkilothoi radioastronomiro Shuroi baynalkhalqii astronomi rohbari menamoyad.