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Planhoi panjsolai taraqqii khojagii khalqi RSS Tojikiston

Planhoi panjsolai taraqqii khojagii khalqi RSS  Tojikiston, shakli asosii plankashii ijtimoiyu iqtisodii taraqqii res­publika, juzi tarkibii sistemai planhoest, ki planhoi darozmuddat, miyona (panjsola) va jorii khojagii, khalqro darbar megirad. Planhoi taraqqii khojagii khalq dar hayoti khalqi soveti roli baso buzurg bozidaand. Onho dar davrai guzarish az kapitalizm ba sokhti navi beistismor, sokhtmoni jamiyati sotsialistii mutaraqqi, barpo kardani bazai moddiyu tekhnikii  kommunizm omili halkunandaand.

Partiyai Kommunisti va Davlati Soveti badi ba okhir rasidani davrai barqarorkunii khojagii khalqi mamlakat (1921—25) ba tahiyai loihai plani panjsolai 1-um shuru namudand. hangomi tartib dodani planhoi panjsola, pesh az hama, pers­pektiva va problemahoi taraqqiyoti tamomi mamlakat va dar ayni zamon manfiatu talaboti dar yak respub­likai ittifoqi ba inobat girifta meshavad. Az ni ru, planhoi panjsolai respublikahoi barodar Partiya qismi uzvii planhoi taraqqii khojagii khalqi SSSR meboshand. Soli 1927 dar asosi direktivahoi Sezdi 15 VKP(b) ba tartib dodani plani panjsolai 1-umi taraqqii khojagii khalqi SSSR (1928—32) shuru kardand. Vazifan asosii panjsola guzoshtani tahkursii iqtisodii sotsializm bud.

25 noyabri 1928 hukumati Respublikai Avtonomii Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston loihai plani panjsolai 1-umi taraqqii khojagii khalqi res- publikaro muhokima karda, maqul donist va onro Konferensiyai 2-yumi viloyatii partiyavii Respublikai Avtonomii Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  (fevrali 1929) tasdiq namud. Plan ba «afzudani surati taraqqii ziroat», khususan pakhtakori, vusat dodani kollektivonii khojagii qishloq diqqati makhsus dod. Mahsuloti umumii khojagii qishloqi respublika dar panjsola meboist az 65 million sum to 112 million sum meafzud. Hangomi tartib dodani plan sharoiti khosi Tojikistonro ba inobat girifta, pesh az hama, ba bunyodi chunin sohahoi sanoat, monandi suzishvori, khurokvori, bofandagi, sokhtmon, rivoj dodani naqliyotu rohsozi etibor dodand. Plani panjso­lai 1-um ba sokhtmoni madani. baland bardoshtani darajai nekuahvolii mehnatkashon niz diqqati jiddi dod. ’ Qapophoi Sezdi 1-umi muassisoni Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston. (1930) dar safarbar namudani omma ba ijroi vazifahoi panjsolai 1-um roli buzurg bozid. Plani panjsolai 1-um, ki pesh az muhlat, dar 4 solu se moh ijro gardid, dar Plenumi yanvarii (1933) Komiteti Markazii VKP(b) jambast karda shud. Mehnatkashoni tojik dar panjsolai 1-um ba muvaffaqiyathoi kalon noil gardidand: az nisf ziyodi dehqononi yakkadast dar 2200 TOZ va artelhoi khojagii qishloq muttahid shudand, 19 MTS (1284 traktor) tasis yoft, pakhtakori khele rivoj yoft. Soli 1932 hosili umumii pakhtai respublika az 38,6 hazor tonna (1928) to 50,6 hazor tonna afzud. Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston ba manbai asosii istehsoli pakhtai daroznakhi SSSR tabdil yoft. Industrikunonii mamlakat ba sanoati sotsialistki sersohai Tojikiston asos guzosht, prosessi tashakkuli sinfi korgari milli avj girift. Dar panjsolai 1-um yak qator muas­sisahoi kaloni zamonavi, az jumla Kombinati shohibofii Khujandu, Fab­rikai shohibofii Dushanbe, yakchand avodhoi pakhtatozakuni, kombinathoi konservi Khujandu Konibodom, koni navi angishti «Pervomayskaya»-i Shurob, yakchand stansiyahoi na chandon kalo­ni elektri va gayra sokhta shudand. Dar kolkhozi Qaromazor tadqiq va istehsoli madanhoi ranga ogoz yoft. Soli 1929 rohi ohani Dushanbe — Tirmiz ba kor da­romad, ba sokhtmoni hazorho kilometr rodhhoi naqliyoti avtomobili, az jumla rohi Ush — Khorug asos guzoshta shud. Dar natijai revolyutsiyai madani dar Tojikiston dahho maktabhoi navi soveti va muassisahoi madaniyu marifati kushoda shudand, muboriza baroi mahvi besavodi avj girift. Yanvari 1934 Sezdi 17 VKP(b) shuda guzasht, ki on guzoshtani tahkursii iqtisodii sotsializmro takid namuda, «Dar borai plani panjsolai 2-yumi ta­raqqii khojagii khalqi SSSR» (1933— 37) qaror qabul kard.

Plani panjsolai 2-yumi taraqqii khojagii khalqi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston (1933—37)-ro Sezdi 2-umi Partiyai Kommunistii (b) Tojikiston (yanvari 1934) muhokima namud. Dar plan ba masalahoi peshrafti sohai sanoat, ravnaqi minbadai muassisahoi mavjuda, az jumla purra ba kor darovardani kombinati polimetallii Qaromazor, ba itmom rasonidani sokhtmonp GES-i Varzob, rohsozi, ba istifoda dodani konhoi navi Shurob diqqati jiddi doda meshud. Dar solhoi 1933—37 purra ba itmom rasonidani kollektivonii khojagii qishloqi respublika, az jihati tashkiliyu khojagi mustahkam namudani kolkhozho peshbini shuda bud. Dar panjsolai 2-yum mablagi umumii kharojoti byujeti Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston ba 360,8 million sum rasid (soli 1933 140,2 million sum bud). Az in mablag 62,9 million sum baroi rivoji sanoat judo karda shud. Plani panjsolai 2-yum ba mustahkam namudani bazai energetikai khojagii khalq niz ahamiyati kalon dod. Soli 1937 GES-i Varzob ba istifoda doda shud, to okhiri panjsola boshad, boz yak qator stansiyahoi elektrii rayoni ba kor daromadand. Dar rayonhoi shimoli Tojikiston muassisahoi zamonavii madan va suzishvori (koni navi Shurob. konhoi nefti «KIM» va «Neftobod», koni Konsoy), dar Du­shanbe avvalin zavodi mekhanikii ba nomi S. Ordonikidze (1933) ba kor daromadand; 8 zavodi pakhtatozakunii respublika soli 1937 31,4 hazor tonna mahsulot barovardand. Soli 1937 sanoati shohibofi 700 hazor metr mato istehsol kard, muassisahoi khurokvori (zavodhoi konservi Leninobod, Isfara, Kis­takuz, 18 zavodi nonpazi va gayra) ba mablagi 52,3 million sum mahsulot baro­vardand, ki in nisbat ba 1932 6 marotiba ziyod bud. Dar namoishgohi umumijahoni (1937, Parij) konserv- hoi mevai Leninobod mukofoti darajai yakumro girift. Dar davrai panjsolai 2-yum niz sanoati kooperativii mahalli rivoj yoft. 38% (47 million sum) mahsuloti umumii sa­noati respublikaro sanoati kooperativii mahalli medod. To okhiri panjsola beshtar az 7 hazor kilometr rohi avtomobilgard sokhta shud. Dar rafti industrikunonii sotsialisti sinfi korgari tojik meafzud, kamol meyoft. Soli 1937 shumorai korgaroni tamomi sohahoi khojagii khalq az 63 hazor nafar guzasht. Dar kollektivhoi korgari harakati stakhanovi va navovaron payravoni ziyode paydo kard. In harakat dar bobati pesh az muhlat va pursamar ijro kardani vazifahoi panjsola, baland bardoshtani madaniyati istehsolot roli kalon bozid.

Dar panjsolai 2-yum kollektivonii khojagii qishloqi respublika (gayr az Badakhshoni Kuhi) bomuvaffaqiyat anjom yoft, sokhti kolkhozi galaba kard. Dar Tojikiston to tobistoni 1937 3862 khojagihoi kollektivi tashkil shudand, ki 89,9%- khojagihoi dehqononro darbar megiriftand. Kolkhozho 98,3% zamini korami mavjudaro kisht mekardand. Bazai tekhnikii ziroati Tojikiston az 45 MTS (3217 traktor va digar tekhnikahoi khojagii qishloq) iborat bud. Yake az komyobihoi barjastai in davrai khalqi tojik obodonii vodii Vakhsh ast. Dar in jo yakchand kolkhozu sovkhozho ba vujud omadand, ki dar afzudani istehsoli pakhtai mahinnakhi soveti roli halkunanda bozidand. Soli okhiri panjsola Tojikiston ba Vatan 1784 sentner «tilloi safed» furukht. Sohahoi digari khojagii qishloq— chorvodori, gallakori, toku bogdori, kirmakdori niz ru ba taraqqi nihodand. Revolyutsiyai madani ga­laba kard. Ba ehtiyojoti maorifi khalqi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  dar panjsolai 2-yum 447,5 million sum kharj karda shud, 241 maktabi nav ba kor shuru namud. Solhoi 1937—38 dar respublika 4224 maktabi malumoti umumi amal mekard, 8144 muallimon va 221 hazor nafar khonandagon budand, qarib 800 hazor kas savod barovard. Dar 5 donishkadai oli va 28 tekhnikum 4,6 hazor nafar studenton tahsil menamudand. Adabiyot, sanat, matbuot, ilm va nigahdorii tandurusti ru ba inkishof nihod, nekuahvolii mehnatkashon boz yak daraja baland shud. Hamin tavr, ba tufayli ijroi plani panjsolai 2-yum dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, chun dar tamomi mamlakat, jamiyati sotsialisti asosan barpo karda shud. Tojikiston ba respublikai industrialiyu agrari tabdil yoft. Natijai muzaffariyathoi khalqi tojik dar sokhtmoni sotsializm dar Konstitutsiyai navi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, ki onro Sezdi 6-umi Sovethoi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston (1 marti 1937) qabul kard, ravshan inikos yoft.

Plani pandsolai 3-yum (1938 —42)-ro Sezdi 18-umi Vakiloni Komiteti Partiyavii (b) (mar­ti 1939) tasdiq kard. Partiya takid kard, ki dar in panjsola ba itmom rasonidani sokhtmoni sotsia­lizm vazifai takhirnopaziri khalqi soveti ast.

Sezdi 5-umi Partiyai Kommunisti Tojikiston (fevrali 1939) tezishoi Komiteti Markazii Vakiloni Komiteti Partiyavii VKP(b)-ro oid ba pla­ni panjsolai 3-yumi taraqqii kho­jagii khalqi SSSR yakdilona maqul donista, vazifahoi azimi dar nazdi respublika istodaro muqarrar kard. Muvofiqi plani panjsolai Z-yum ba khojagii khalqi respublika 388 million sum mablag judo karda shud. Qismi asosii in mablag ba rivoji minbadai sanoati vaznin, khususan muassisahoi madanu suzishvori (Konsoy, Takaly, Takob, Shu­rob), sokhtmoni stansiyahoi elektri (Varzobi Poyon, Khorug), zavodhoi navi pakh- tatozakuni, kombinathoi bofandagi, sanoati mahalli ravona karda shud. Dar panjsola baroi taraqqii khojagii khalqi respublika 40 million sum judo karda shud. Plan doir ba inkishofi mao­rifi khalq, nigahdorii tandurusti, muassisahoi madaniyu marifati, baland bardoshtani darajai moddiyu maishii mehnatkashon yak qator tadbirho pesh nihod. Sinfi korgari to­jik tashabbusi zavodi «Krasniy prole­tariy»^ Moskvaro (1939), ki shiori pesh az muhlat ijro namudani plani panjsolai navbatiro ba miyon guzosht, dastgiri karda, ba musobiqai umumiittifoqi hamrod shud. Harakati navovaron va zarbdoroni meh- nati sotsialisti bisyor muassisahoi sanoati, sokhtmon va naqliyotro faro girift va in boisi bomuvaffaqiyat va bosurat ijro shudani vazifahoi navbatii panjsola gardid. Sanoati respublika soli 1940 nisbat ba 1937 beshtar az 72%’ va nisbat ba 1913 8,8 marotiba ziyod mahsulot barovard. Istehsoli angishtsang az 18 hazor tonna (1937) ba 204 hazor tonna, neft az 28,4 hazor tonna ba 30 hazor tonna rasid. Soli 1940 dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston 62,1 million kVt quvvai elektr istehsol karda shud, ki in nisbat ba 1037 se marotiba ziyod bud. Dar pandsolai Z-yum sektori sotsia­listi dar khojagii qishloq purra hukmfarmo gardid. To tiramohi 1939 ba kolkhozho (3093 kolkhoz) 97% hamai khojagihoi dehqonon azo shudand va zamini kishti respublikaro qarib purra sohibi kardand. Qudrati tekhnikai khojagii khalq khele afzud. 51 MTS 3844 traktor va digar agregatho dosht. Kolkhozchiyoni tojik soli 1939 dar marakai sokhtmoni azimi Kanali Kaloni Fargona faolona ishtirok namudand. Dar sokhtmoni qismi tojikistonii in kanal (125 kilometr) 50 hazor kas kor kard. Soli 1940 Kanali Shimoli Fargona, Kanali Hisor, dar Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuhi vodii Vakhsh yak­chand kanalhoi nav ba kor daroma­dand va dar natija kishtzori res­publika (807,1 hazor gektar) khele vusat yoft. Mehnatkashoni tojik ba tufay- li avji musobiqai ommavii sotsia­listi, mehnati shujoatmandona pla­ni ba davlat furukhtani pakhtaro barziyod ijro karda, az jihati hosilnoki dar mamlakat ba joi yakum baromadand. 1488 nafar peshqadamoni khojagii qishloq, 305 kolkhoz, 65 fermai chorvodori, 3 MTS va boz digar kollektivhoi res­publika ba giriftani diplomhoi golibi Namoishgohi umumiittifoqii khojagii qishloq musharraf gardidand. Muvaffaqiyathoi fronti khojagi baroi behtar gardidani nekuahvolii odamoni soveti zamina muhayyo namud. Masalan, soli 1940 bo rohi savdoi davlati va kooperativi ba aholi ziyoda az 1 milliard sumina mol furukhta shud. Solhoi 1938—41 dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston az hi- sobi puli davlat 233 hazor metr2 manzilgoh sokhta shud. Maktabhoyu do- nishkadaho, muassisahoi tandurustiyu marifatii nav ba istifoda doda shudand, ilm, sanat, adabiyot, matbuot, sport bo qadamhoi ustuvor pesh raft.

Ammo sokhtmoni osoishtai odamoni sovetiro hujumi ahdshikanonai Ger- maniyai fashisti bozdosht. Khojagii khalqi mamlakat ba sharoiti davrai jang mutobiq gardonda shud. Bad az jang khalqi soveti az  nav ba sokhtmoni osoishta shuru kard. Dush­man ba khojagii khalqi mamlakatamon zarari behad kalon rasonda bud. Hazorho shahru dehot kharob gardida budand. Mablagi umumii zarari moddii SSSR qarib 2600 milliard sum bud.

Partiyai kommunisti programmai mukammali az nav barqaror kardani khojagii khalqi mamlakatro tatrib doda odamoni sovetiro ba ijroi on safarbar namud. Vazifahoi azimi barqarorkuni dar plani panjsolai 4-um (1946—50) muayyan kar­da shud. Lohai planro Sessiyai 1-umi Soveti Olii SSSR (18 marti 1946) tasdiq kard.

8 avgusti 1946 Soveta Olin Pespublikai Covetii Sotsialistii Tojikistoni plana navi barqarorkuni va taraqqii khojagii khalqi respublikaro maqul yoft. Qarori Hukumati Soveti az mohi sentyabr 1945 «Dar borai tarakqii minbadai pakhtakori dar Pespublikai Covetii Sotsialistii Tojikistoni ba plani inkishofi pakhtakori asos guzosht, ki on boz beshtar vusat dodani zamini kishti «tilloi safed» va baland bardoshtani hosilnokiro peshbini mekard. Kollektivhoi sanoati, sokhtmon, naqliyot va aloqai respublika tahti rohbarii tashkilothoi partiyavi ba iqroi vazifahoi plani panjsolai 4-um shuru namudand. 3avodi ba nomi S. Orjonikidzei Dushan­be, Kombinati shohibofii Leninobod, koni Konsoy, zavodhoi pakhtatozakunii Kurgonteppayu Kulob plani soli 1946-ro pesh az muhlat ijro kardand. Solhoi 1946—50 dar Tojikiston yak qator muassisahoi navi sanoati (zavodhoi pakhtatozakunii Proletaru Uyali, 3avodi mekhanikii Konibodom, fabrikai trikotajii Dushanbe va gayra) ba kor daromadand. Soli 1950 borkashonii avtomobili nisbat ba 1940 86%, passajirkashoni 2,6 marotiba afzud. Shumorai korgaron, injene­ron va tekhnikho nisbat ba davrai peshazjangi 21% afzuda, soli 1950 ba 171,2 hazor nafar rasid (soli 1947 ba darajai peshazjangi rasida bud). Dar davrai panjsola zamini kishti pakh­ta 31% afzuda, ba 126 hazor gektar rasid. Hosili umumii pakhta nazar ba dav­rai torevolyutsioni 3,3 marotiba af­zud. Dar respublika 6 MTS-i nav bunyod gardid. Soli 1950 dar khojagii qishloq 4111 traktor kor mekard (soli 1940 3884 traktor buD). Surati elektronii ziroati respublika khele avj girift. Dar in panjsola 75 stansiyai navi elektrii kolkhozi sokhta shud. Iqtidori stansiyahoi elektrii dehot nisbat ba 1940 3,2 barobar afzud.

Dar panjsolai 4-um ahvoli moddiyu maishii mehnatkashon behtar gardid. Narkhhoi chakanai davlatii molhoi sermasrif se bor past karda shud. Maoshi korgaron, khizmatchiyon va daromadi kolkhozchiyon afzud. Dar in panjsola ba tadbirhoi ijtimoiyu madani 327,3 million sum sarf shud. Hukumati respublika baroi peshrafti minbadai maorifi khalq, nigahdorii tandurusti, madaniyat, tayyor kardani mutakhassisoni khojagii khalq, obodonii shahru dehot tadbirhoi jiddi andeshid. Soli 1948 dar shahri Dushanbe nakhustin maktabi oli—: Universiteti davlatii Tojikiston ba nomi Vladimir Ilich Lenin kushoda shud.

Sezdi 19-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS (oktyabri 1952) direktivahoi plani panjsolai 5-um (1950—55) -ro tasdiq nam ud. Dar asosi in direktivaho plani panjsolai taraqqii khojagii khalqi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston tartib doda shud. Dar in plan taraqqii hamai sohahoi sanoati respublika istehsoli madan, suzishvori, bofandagi, khurokvori, masolehi binokori va inchunin tadbirhoi jiddii rivoju ravnaqi khojagii qishloq, inkishofi hayoti manavii mehnatkashon, baland bardoshtani darajai nekuahvolii khalq, shuru namudan ba talimi hatmii haftsola pesh­bini shuda bud. Sinfi korgari tojik baroi pesh az muhlat ijro namudani programmai panjsolai 5-um ba musobiqai sotsialistii umumiittifoqi hamroh shuda, ba komyobihoi qo­bili taqdir noil gardid. Dahho kollektivhoi mehnati (zavodhoi pakh­tatozakunii Qurgonteppayu Shahrtuz, Kombinati bofandagii Dushanbe, Kombinati shohibofii Leninobod va gayra) dar bobati baland bardoshtani samaranokii mehnat, sarfai masolehi ashyoi khom, afzoishi makhsulotu bekhhtar kardani sifati on tashabbus nishon dodand. Dar panjsolai 5-um mablagguzori ba sanoati respublika nisbat ba panjsolai 4-um se maro­tiba afzuda, ba 253,9 million sum ra­sid. Dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston beshtar az 40 muassisayu sekhhoi nav ba kor daroma­dand, aksari muassisahoi mavjuda takmil doda shudand. Elektronii khojagii khalq avj girift. Stansiyai seyumi Varzob, Stansiyai Sharshara (Vakhsh) va yak qator stansiyahoi elektrii muassisahoi sanoati ba istifoda doda shudand. Soli 1955 istehsoli quvvai elektr nisbat ba 1950 1,7 marotiba (296 million kiloVat) afzud. Hajmi umumii mahsuloti sanoat dar okhiri panjsolai 5-um nis­bat ba 1940 277,% va nisbat ba 1928 2473% ziyod shud. Dar panjsolai 5-um ba tufayli bartaraf kardani dushvorihoi obektivi va nuqsonhoi subektivi (vayron shudani prin­sipi havasmandonii moddii kolkhoz­chiyon, narasidani kadrhoi balandikhtisos va gayra) ba peshrafti navi ziro­ati sotsialisti zamina tayyor karda shud. Dar taraqqii minbadai khojagii qishloqi mamlakat, az on jumla Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston, qarorhoi Plenumi sentyabri» (1953) Komiteti Markazii Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS roli kalon bozidand. To okhiri panjsola maydoni kisht 36 hazor gektar afzud, baroi obyori (irri­gasiya) 432 million sum sarf karda shud. Soli 1955 Tojikiston ba davlat 400,3 hazor tonna pakhta supurd. Sohahoi digari khojagii qmshloq— chorvodori, kirmakdori, bogdori niz bosurat taraqqi kardand. Hayoti manavii khalqi tojik boz ham beshtar nashunamo yoft: dahho maktabu muassisahoi ilmi va marifati sokhta shudand, sanat va adabiyoti shaklan milliyu mazmunan sotsialistii tojik ba muvaffaqiyathoi kalon noil gardid. 14 apreli 1951 Filiali tojikistonii Akademiyai Fanhoi SSSR  ba Akademiyai Fanhoi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston tabdil doda shud. Panj­solai 5-um dar bunyodi bazai moddiyu tekhnikii sotsializmi mutaraqqi marhalai halkunanda gardid.

Direktivahoi plani panjsolai 6-umi taraqqii khojagii khalqi SCCP (1956—60)-ro Sezdi 20-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS (fevrali 1956) tasdij kard. Loihai direktivahoi plani panjsolai 6-umro Sezdi 10-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston (yanvari 1956) muhokima karda, yakdilona maqul donistand va rohi taraqqiyoti respublikaro dar panjsolai nav muayyan namud. Plani panjsola ba okhir rasonidani sokhtmoni stansiyahoi elektrii obii puriqtidori Qayroqqum (dar daryoi Sir) va Sharshara (dar kanali Vakhsh), cap kardani sokhtmoni GES-i Sarband (dar daryoi Vakhsh) va minbad taraqqi dodani digar sohahoi sanoat, khojagii qishloq va madaniyati, respublikaro peshbini namud. Tanho dar du soli avvali panjsola ba sanoati respublika 612 million sum sarf shud. Dar in muddat 32 obekti sa­noati, az jumla yake az azimtarin GES-hoi Osiyoi Miyona — GES-i Qayroqqum («Dustii khalqho»), du agregati GES-i Sharshara ba kor da- romad. Soli 1958 dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston 859,8 million  kiloVatt quvvai elektr (soli 1950 170 million kiloVatt bud) istehsol karda shud, fabrikahoi poyafzoli Leninobod, mebelsozii Dushanbe, zavodhoi ravgankashii Qurgonteppayu Konibodom ba kor daromadand. Ba musobiqai so­tsialisti 93,5%’ korgaronu khizmatchiyoni Tojikiston jalb karda shu­dand.

Sezdi 11-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston (yanvari 1958) mehnatkashoni respublikaro ba halli vazifahoi navbatii panjsolai jori safarbar namud. Kollektivhoi muassisahoi sanoati, sokhtmon, naqliyot va aloqa uhdadorihoi sotsialistii khudro pesh az muhlat va barziyod ijro mekardand. Aksariyati kul­li muassisahoi sanoatii respublika plani panjsolai 6-umro bomuvaffaqiyat ijro kardand, samaranokii mehnat 16% ziyod shuda, hajmi umumii mahsuloti hamai sohahoi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston soli 1960 nisbat ba 1945 581%* va nazar ba 1913 37,5 barobar afzud. Solhoi 1956—60 khojagii qishoq ham ba muvaffaqiyathoi kalon noil gardid. Dar natijai koram shudani zaminhoi navkorami Dashti Dilvarzin kolkhozhoi navi pakhtakori ba vujud omadand va fotehoni mukhodiri Mastchoh soli 1956 hosili balandi pakhta ruyondand. Hamon sol Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston baroi tarakkii pakhtakori ba giriftani or­deni Lenin musharraf gardid. Soli 1957 pakhtakoroni tojik 40-solagii Revolyutsiyai Oktyabrro bo hosili 434,4 hazor tonna «tilloi safed» jashn giriftand. Dar panjsolai 6-um azkhudkunii 50 hazor gektar zamini Mirzochul ogoz yoft, navbati avvali stansiyahoi nasosii Khojaboqirgon, Somgor va Dilvarzini viloyati  Leninobod ba istifoda doda shud. Dar panjsolai 6-um baroi peshravii minbadai khoiagii qishloq MTS-ho az nav tash­kil va kolkhozhoi nisbatan mayda ba khojagihoi kaloni puriqtidor (ba joi 2685 kolkhozhoi khurd 434 khojagihoi puriqtidori sersoha tashkil yoftand) muttahid karda shudand. Intelli­gensiyai tojik (soli 1957 44,3 hazor nafar mutakhassisoni doroi malumoti oli va miyona) dar ijroi vazifa- hoi panjsolai 6-um dar sokhtmoni jamiyati sotsialistii mutaraqqi sahmi arzanda guzosht. Dahai adabiyot va sanati tojik, ki apreli 1957 dar Moskva barguzor shud, dar hayoti madanii respublika voqeai muhim mebud.

Yanvari 1959 Sezdi 21-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS raqamhoi kontrolii taraqqii khojagii khalqi SSSR-ro baroi solhoi 1959—65 tasdiq kard. Loihaii in hujjat ba muhokimai umumikhalqi guzoshta shud. Khalqi soveti onro yakdilona maqul donist. Sezd galabai purra va qatii sotsializmro dar mamlakati mo qayd namuda, dar plani haftsolai nav ravnaqi hamai sohahoi khojagii khalq va dar in asos boz ham behtar namudani hayoti moddiyu manavii odamoni sovetiro peshbini kard. Dar raqamhoi kontroli ba progressi minbadai tekhniki, behtar kardani strukturai khojagii khalq va sohahoi alohidai on, ba masalai oqilona jo ba jo guzoshtani quvvahoi istehsolkunanda, tezonidani sokhtmoni stansiyahoi puriqtidori elektri va sanoati khimiya, taraqqii minbadai khojagii qishloq, baland bardoshtani darajai nekuahvolii mehnatkashon etibori jiddi doda shud.

Sezdi gayrinavbatii 12-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston (yanvari 1959) dar asosi raqamhoi kontroli taraqqii respublikaro dar haftsola muqarrar kard. Dar tuli haft sol baroi taraqii khojagii khalq va madaniyati respublika beshtar az 1 milliard sum sarf karda shud, ki on ba tamomi kharojoti dar solhoi Hokimiyati Soveti kardashuda barobar bud. Dar sanoati Tojikiston bunyodi yak qator sohahoi tamoman nav — moshinsozi, elektrotekhni­ki, khimiya, sokhtmoni azamati elekt­ri — GES-i Norak (iqtidorash 2,7 million kiloVatt) muqarrar karda shud. Pla­ni haftsola surati balandi taraqqii hamai sohahoi sanoat, khojagii qishloq, bunyodi inshoothoi kaloni obyori, inkishofi ilmu marifat, baland bardoshtani darajai hayoti moddiyu madanii mehnatkashonro peshbini kard. Mehnatkashoni respublika ba ijroi plani haftsola shuru namu­dand. Dar korkhonaho va sahrohoi kolkhozi, muassisahoi ilmu madaniyat harakati mehnati kommunisti, musobiqai ommavii sotsialisti avj girift. Dar zavodu fabrikaho tashabbusi khubi mehnatii V. Gaganova va Yu. Vecherova harjoniba dastgiri karda shud. Mavji musobiqai umumikhalqi, khususan dar ruzhoi tayyori ba kushoda shudani Sezdp 22-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS (1961) baso vusat yoft: shumorai ish- tirokchiyoni musobiqa dar sanoat ziyoda az 100 hazor nafar bud. To soli 1903 dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston 170 muassisayu sekhhoi navi bo tekhnikai  zamonavi jihozonidashuda, az jumla navbathoi yakumu duyumi kombinathoi khonasozi, bofandagi va ravgankashii Dushanbe, Kombinati qolinbofii Qayroqqum, zavodi shiru Kombinati gushti Leninobod va gayra ba kor daromadand. Zavodi moshinsozii «Tojiktekstilmash»-i Dushanbe, zavodhoi |elektromekhanikii Isfarayu Adrasmon, Zavodi transformatori Qurgonteppa avvalin dastgohhoi avtomati bofandagi va asbobhoi elektri istehsol namudand. Robitahoi iqtisodii respublika bo tamomi mamlakat mustahkamtar gardid. Molhoi sanoati Tojikiston ba dahho mamlakathoi Osiyo, Evropa va Afrika eksport karda shudand. Khajmi umumii mahsuloti hamai sohahoi sanoati respublika dar okhiri haftsola nisbat ba soli 1913 63,7 barobar afzud. Dar davomi haftsola dar khojagii qishloq ham digargunihoi kulli ruy dod: zaminhoi kishti pakhta ba tufayli korhoi ziyodi irrigasionii khele vase, ba­zai moddiyu tekhnikii kolkhozu sovkhozho (13617 traktor) mustahkamtar gar­did, shakli navi tashkili mehnat (brigadahoi kompleksii traktori- sahroi) jori shud, dar chorvodori baze tagyiroti kulli ba amal omad va Tojikiston dar davomi haftsola ba Vatan 3,5 million tonna «tilloi safed» suporid. Dar natijai taraqqii sanoatu ziroat, afzoishi daromadi milli zindagonii mehnatkashon boz ham behtar shud. Davlati Soveti ba­roi amali gardondani tadbirhoi ij- timoiyu madani az nisf ziyodi byujet (soli 1963 185,7 million sum) -ro sarf kard. Muvofiqi qonun «Dar borai mustahkam namudani aloqai maktab bo hayot va inkishofi minbadai maorifi khalq dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikistoni sistemai malumoti miyonai makhsus va oli az av tashkil karda shud. Solhoi 1959—65 qarib 600 hazor kas, yane dar chahorumin kasi Tojikiston bo yagon namudi talim mashgul bud. To soli 1963 donishkadahoro 30 hazor nafar mutakhassison khatm kardand. Dahai adabiyoti rus dar Tojikiston (oktyabri 1960), haftahoi ada­biyoti tojik dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Ukraina, Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii  Turkmaniston va Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Qirgiziston, safari arboboni ma­daniyati uzbeku ozar ba respublika az mustahkam shudani dustii leninii odamoni soveti shahodat medi- hand. Mehnatkashoni tojik qarordhoi tarikhii Sezdi 23-umi KPSS (1966) va Sezdi 16-umi Partiyai Kommunistii  Tojikiston. (1966), inchunin Plenumhoi marti va sentyabrii (1965) Komiteti Markazii KPSS-ro garmu jushon maqul donista, baroi tatbiq namudani onho ba hayot muborizaro vusat dodand. Az soli 1967 muassisahoi sanoati respublika ba sistemai navi plangiri va havas- mandonii iqtisodi guzashtand, ki in ba khele baland shudani samaranokii mehnat musoidat namud.

Dar davomi panjsolai 8-um (1966—70) hajmi istehsoli mahsulo­ti sanoati respublika 1,5 barobar, az on jumla istehsoli quvvai elektr 2,1, mahsuloti sanoati mashinsozi va elektrotekhnika 2,3, sanoati sabuk 1,4, sanoati khurokvori 1,5 barobar afzud. Hosilnokii mehnat nazar ba haft soli guzashta du barobar af- zud. Dar tuli panjsola ziyoda az 100 muassisai sanoati, sekhho va uchastkahoi istehsoli bunyod karda shudand, ki Zavodi nurihoi nitrogendori Vakhsh, Zavodi yakhdonhoi «Pomir», zavodi «Gidroizol» (dar Hisor), Kombinati madantozakunii Anzob az qabili onhoyand. Solhoi 1966—70 mablagguzorii asosi ba khojagii khalq yakjoya bo mablaghoi kolkhozho 2 milliard 750 million sumro tashkil dod, ki in nazar ba planhoi panjsolai peshina khele ziyod ast. Dar davomi panjsola dar khojagii qishloqi respublika niz tagyiroti azim ba amal omad. Ba davlat ziyoda az plan 287,6 hazor tonna pakhta, 105 hazor tonna galla, 15 hazor tonna gusht, 32,4 hazor tonna shir furukhta shud. Soli 1970 mehnat­kashoni sahrohoi kolkhozi ba davlat 726,5 hazor tonna pakhta furukhtand; Dar davomi panjsola ziyoda az 54 hazor gektar zamini navi ob ba istifoda doda shud, sistemai obyorii kalontarini respublika YOvon — Obikiik ba kor daromad, qarib 200 hazor gektar charogoh obshor gardid. Dar davomi panjsola daromadi realii mehnatkashon ba hisobi dar sari aholi 33%, imtiyozu yordampulihoe, ki aholi az fondhoi jamiyatii istemol megiriftand, 167 barobar afzud; 620 hazor kas yo khud chahoryaki aholii respublika khonahoi nav girifta, sharoiti mahallin khudro behtar kardand. Khalqi tojik dar sohai maorpi, sanat, adabiyot va ilm niz ba komyobihoi kalon noil gardid. Soli 1970 dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston 960,4  hazor nafar, yane dar seyumin sokini respublika bo yagon namudi talim faro girifta shuda bud. Dar donishkadahoi oli va omuzishgohho ziyoda’ az 80 hazor donishjuyon mekhondand. Panjsolai 8-um dar peshrafti umumii khojagii khalq va madaniyati respublika, dar anjomi sokhtmoni so­tsializmi mutaraqqi marhalai muhimme gardid. Direktivahoi plani panjsolai 9-um (1971 —76)-ro Sezdi 24-umi KPSS (1971) muayyan kard. Dar loihai direktivaho, ki onro Sezdi 47-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston (fevrali 1971) yakdilona maqul donist, 37— 40% ziyod kardani hajmi mahsuloti sanoat va dar ayni zamon tamin namudani surati balandn taraqqiyoti elektroenergetika, metallurgiyai ranga va moshinsozi peshbinyishuda bud. Plani panjsola vazifa guzosht, ki istehsoli quvvai elektr dar respublika 2,1 barobar ziyod karda, dar okhiri panjsola ba 6,8 milliard kiloVatt rasonida shavad. Dar in muddat agregathoi avvalini GES-i Norak, agregati seyumi Stansiyai elektrii olavii YOvon ba istifoda doda shud, sokhtmoni GES-i Khorug va digar obekthoi energetiki anjom yoft. Program­mai taraqqiyoti khojagii qishloqi respublika ham khele kalon bud. Soli 1975 boyad 760 hazor tonna pakhta, az jumla 290 hazor tonna pakhtai mahinnakh istehsol karda meshud. Mustahkam namudani bazai khuroki chorvo va dar in asos ziyod na­mudani istehsoli gusht, shir, tukhm va mahuloti digar dar sohai chorvo- dori niz vazifai muhimtarin hisobida meshud. Dar panjsola ba taraqqii minbadai khojagii khalqi respublikaamon 3,9 milliard sum judo kar­da shud, ki in nazar ba panjsolai peshtara 44% ziyod bud. Baland bardoshtani darajai zindagonii khalq dar panjsolai jori dar mahdi avval meistod. Dar in muddat daroma­di reali ba hisobi har cap aholi taqriban 30%-, hajmi nemathoi moddi va khizmatrasonii bepul, yordam­puli ba aholi az hisobi fondhoi jamiyatii istemol 1,4 barobar afzud, muzdi mehnati miyonai korgaron va khizmatchiyon ba hisobi miyona 20— 22%- va kolkhozchiyon 30—35% ziyod shud. Potensiali sanoatu energetika boz ham afzud. Soli 1974 stansiyahoi elekt­rii Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston 3864 million kiloVattsoat (soli 1948—621 million kiloVattsoat) quvvai elektr istehsol kardand. Dar panj sol ba­roi taraqqii sanoat 1151 million sum sarf shud, fondhoi asosi qarib 1,8 barobar afzudand. Soli 1975 hajmi umumii istehsoli mahsuloti sanoat nisbat ba 1970 beshtar az 38% ziyod shud.

Muvofiqi direktivahoi Sezdi 24-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS Kompleksi mintaqaviyu istehsolii Tojikistoni Janubi ba vujud omad, ki asosi onro sokhtmoni GES-i Norak, 3avodi alyuminiyi Tojikiston, 3avodi elektrokhimiyavii YOvon tashkil medodand. Dar in panjsola se agregati GES-i Norak, GES-i Khorug, navbati yakumi 3avodi alyuminiyi Tojikiston, Kombinati madantozakunii Anzob, Kombinati surbu ruhi Adrasmon ba kor andokhta shudand, sokhtmoni beshtar az 200 kilometr rohi ohani Tirmiz — Qurgonteppa va gazoprovodi shahri Du­shanbe anjom yoft. 140 uchastkayu sekhhoi istehsoli ba tavri kompleksi mekhanikonida va avtomatonida shu­dand. Samarai istehsoloti jamiyati afzud. 61%’ afzoishi mahsuloti sa­noat az hisobi baland bardoshtani hosilnokii mehnat ba dast ovarda shud. Dar panjsolai 9-um (1971—75) baroi taraqqii khojagii qishloqi respublika 1276 million sum sarf karda shud, ki in nisbat ba panjsolai 8-um 1,5 marotiba ziyod bud. Hajmi mahsuloti umumi nazar ba panjsolai 8-um 33,8% afzud, hol on ki dar plan 28% peshbini shuda bud. Pakhtakoroni res­publika marrai 800 hazor tonnagii «tilloi safed»-ro sarbalandona fath namuda, dar davomi 5 sol ba davlat ziyoda az plan beshtar az 450 hazor tonna pakhta furukhtand, Plani hosil namudan va ba davlat furukhtani kartoshka, sabzavot, meva, pilla, gusht, shir, tukhm va pashm niz barziyod ijro gardid. 63 hazor gektar zamini obi ba kor andokhta, 148 hazor guktar charogoh bo ob tamin karda shud. Umuman dar solhoi Hokimiyati So- veti dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  qarib 1000 inshooti gidrotekhniki bunyod yoft.

Surati baland va ustuvori taraqqiyoti iqtisodiyoti soveti baroi ijroi programmai ijtimoii partiya imkoniyathoi khub faroham ovard, minbad behtar shudani vazi moddiyu zindagonii mehnatkashoni respublikaro tamin kard. Dar panjsolai 9-um daromadi milli 33% va fondhoi jamiyatii istemol 64 % afzudnd. Hajmi minimalii nafaqai korgaron, kolkhozchiyon, khizmatchiyon, nafaqai pironsoli va invalidoni Jangi Buzurgi Vatani, oilai khizmatchiyoni halokshudai harbi, inchunin yordampuli ba oilahoi serfarzand ziyod shud. Dar zarfi panj­solai 9-um donishkadahoi oli va miyonai respublikaro beshtar az 65 hazor nafar mutakhassison khatm kar­dand. Soli 1974 shumoram kitobkhonaho az 401 (1940) ba 1352 va klubho az 502 ba 1172 rasid. Savdo, khuroki umu­mi va khizmatrasonii maishi boz ham inkishof yoft. Hajmi khizmatrasonii maishi 1,7 (dar dehot 2) barobar afzud. Soli 1975 gardishi mol dar Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston  1631,5 million sumro tashkil kard, ki in nisbat ba 1970 42,4% ziyod bud.

Sezdi 25-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS (1976) pro­grammai azimi sokhtmoni kommunizmro muayyan kard. Vay rohhoi asosii taraqqiyoti khojagii khalqi SSSR-ro (1976—80) dar panjso­lai 10-um muayyan namud. Panj­solai 10-um dar nazdi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston vazifahoi khele kalon guzosht. Dar in panjsola hajmi mahsuloti sanoat 40—44% ziyod, sokhtmoni Kompleksi mintaqaviyu istehsolii Tojikistoni Janubi davom doda shud. GES-i Norak yak sol lesh az muhlat purra ba kor daromad, sokhtmoii GES-i puriqtidori Rogun ogoz yoft. 80 korkhonayu sekh, az on jumla chor korpusi elektroliz va sekhi anodhoi pukhtai 3avodi alyuminii Tojikiston, korkhonahoi kaloni Zavodi elektrokhimiyavii YOvon, 5,6 million metr3 manzilgoh, bisyor obekthoi madaniyu maishi sokhta shudaand. Hajmi istehsoli mahsu­loti sanoati soli 1980 nazar ba 1940- um 18 barobar afzud. Agar soli 1937 dar respublika hamagi 24,8 million kiloVattsoat quvvai elektr istehsol karda shuda boshad,’ pas soli 1980 istehsoli on ba 13,6 milliard kiloVatt-soat rasid. Sohahoi sanoat, energetika, metallur- giyai ranga, moshinsozi, sanoati khi­miya, sabuk va khurokvori bosurat taraqqi kardand. Fondhoi asosii istehsolii respublika qarib 44%, az on jumla dar sanoat 60,5%, sokhtmon 25,8% va khojagii qishloq 36,9% afzudand.

Dar panjsolai 10-um mehnatkashoni dehot ham komyobihoi kalon ba dast ovardand. Besh az 55 hazor gektar zamini obi ba kor andokhta shud. Istehsoli miyonai solonai galla 45%, kartoshka 32%’, sabzavot 29%, ziroathoi polizi 66%, pusti qarokuli 11%, chorvoyu murg 20%, shir 30%, tukhm 56% afzud. Pakhtakoroni tojik dar panjsolai 10-um ba Va­tan jam 4 million 531 hazor tonna pakhta furukhtand. ki 1 million 388 hazor tonnai on pakhtai mahinnakh ast. Soli 1980 To- jikiston ba davlat besh az 1 million tonna pakhta furukht. Xojagii qishloqi respublika soli 1980-um 2371 avtomobili borkashu makhsus, 3041 traktor. 230 kombayni galladarav. 750 moshini pakhtachini, 1370 tukhmiposhak va digar tekhnikai khojagii qishloq girift.

Dar hamin davra daromadi pulii aholii respublika 28,7%, muzdi ko­ri miyonai harmohai korgaronu khiz­matchiyon 5,1%, daromadi kolkhozchiyon az khojagii jamiyati 20%, fondhoi jamiyatii istemol 28,4%* ziyod shud. YOrdampuli va imtiyozho az fondhoi jamiyaty 1,6 milliard sum afzudand. Baroi 100 hazor talaba maktab, baroi 16 hazor bacha muassisahoi tomaktabii bachagona, inchunin dahho bemorkhona, poliklinika, ma­gazin, khonahoi khizmati maishi va obekthoi digar sokhta shudand. Hajmi khizmati maishi 1,6, az on jumla dar dehot besh az 1,8 barobar af­zud. Soli 1980 qarib 90 korkhonayu ittihodiyai kalon ba aholi khizmati maishi rasonidand.

Sezdi 26-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Ittifoqi Soveti KPSS (1981) rohhoi asosii taraqqiyoti iqtisodi va sotsialii SSSR-ro dar solhoi 1981— 85 va dar davrai to soli 1990 muayyan namud. Loihai onro Sezdi 19-umi Partiyai Kommunistii Tojikiston (yanvari 1981) yakdilona maqul donist. Panjsolai 11-um dar nazdi Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston niz vazifahoi khele kalon guzosht. Dar in panjsola boyad hajmi mahsuloti sanoati 24—27% ziyod karda, sokhtmoni Komp­leksi mintaqaviyu istehsolii Tojikistoni Janubi davom doda shavad. Dar 3avodi alyuminiyi Tojikiston iqtidorhoi nav ba kor medaroyand, sokhtmoni 3avodi elektrokhimiyavii YOvon, stansiyahoi elektrii obii Rogun va Boygozi vusat meyobad. Dar soli 1985 istehsoli energiyai elektr ba 16 milliard kiloVattsoat rasonida meshavad. Istehsoli matohoi pakhtagii dar zarfi panj sol 1,3 barobar meafzoyad. Hajmi mablagguzori ba khoja­gii khalqi respublika qarib ba 5 milliard sum, az jumla korhoi sokhtmonu montaj taqriban ba 3,3 milliard sum merasad. Dar panjsola khojagii qishloqi res­publika boz ham taraqqi mekunad. Hosilnokii mehnati khojagii qishloq dar sek­tori jamiyati 22—24% meafzoyad. Istehsoli miyonai solonai pakhta dar panjsola boyad ba 910—920 hazor tonna az on jumla pakhtai mahinnakh ba 315—320 hazor tonna rasad. Istejsoli miyonai solonai gusht 23%, shir 16%’ ziyod karda meshavad. Dar res­publika dar panjsolai jori obyori kardani 50—55 hazor gektar zamin va da- vom dodani istifodai zaminhoi dashti Dangara peshbini shudaast. Dar panjsolai 11-um ba baland bardoshtani darajai nekuahvolii khalq diqqati jiddi doda meshavad. Daromadi reali ba sar to sari aholi dar zarfi panj sol 16—18% meafzoyad. Muzdi miyonai mohonai kori korgaronu khizmatchiyon 13—16% ziyod shu­da, dar okhiri panjsola mohe ba 190– 195 sum merasad. Daromadi kolkhozchiyon az khojagii jamiyatii kolkhozho ba hisobi miyona 20—22% ziyod meshavad. Muomiloti moli chakanai savdoi davlati va kooperativi dar respublika 29—32% meafzoyad. Hajmi adoi khizmati maishi taqriban 1,5, az on jumla dar dehot 1,6 barobar ziyod megardad.

Dar panjsolai 11-um dar respub­lika az hisobi hamai manbahoi puljudokuni ba istifoda dodani 6,3 million metre binohoi istiqomati pesh- bini shudaast.

Dar tuli panjsolahoi sokhtmoni azimi sotsializm khalqi soveti tahti rohnamoii Partiyai Kommunisti ba komyobihoi benazir noil gardid. Dar mamlakati mo sotsializmi mutaraqqi bunyod karda shud.

Holo mehnatkashoni respublikaamon tahti rohbarii Partiyai Kom- munistii Tochikiston bahri bosharafona ijro namudani vazifahoi plani panjsolai 11-um muboriza burda istodaand. G. X- Haydarov.

Инчунин кобед

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni (soli tavallud nomalum — Vafot 1252), yake az namoyandagoni mashhuri …