Pergam

Pergam, podshohii Pergam (yun. Rergamus), davlati qadim dar qismi shimolu garbii Osiyoi Khurd (283—133 to melod). Markazash — shahri Per­gam. Ba on khazinadori davlati Lisimakh dar qalai Pergam Fileteri yunoni asos guzosht. Fileter dar viloyati Misiya davlati navi elliniro barpo namud va ba sulolai Attaliho asos guzosht. Az soli 231 hokimoni Pergan podshoh nom giriftand.

Dar sarzamini Pergam qabilahoi mahalli (misiyho, masdienho, paflagonho), inchunin yunoniyonu maqduniho maskan giriftand. Boigarii tabiii Pergam (besha, san­gi khoro, madan, charogohho va gayra), inchunin mavqei khubi geografii so­hili bahri Miyonazamin ba boloraviya puravji iqtisodiyoti mamlakat musoidat namud. Dar Pergam dehqoni, chorvodori, hunarmandi (bofandagi, kuloli, aslihasozi, ranguborchigi, binokori, charmgari), savdoi beruna (bo gandumu mum, charm, rang, gazvor, chubi kishtibob, zarfhoi safoli, atriyot, pergament) ba avji aloi taraqqi rasid. Bandari asosii Pergam shahri Eleya bud. Azoyoni tobe va nimtobei jamoaho istehsolkunandagoni asosii khojagii qishloq budand.

Pergam bo imperiyai Selevkiyon, Maqduniya, Galatiya mejangid. Dar Jangi duyumi Maqduniya (200—197) va ba nom Jangi Suriya (192—188) podshohoni Pergam bo Rim ittifoq bastand va badi imzoi shartnoman Apamey (188 to melod) ba Khersopes, viloyathoi Lidiya, Frigiya, ba yak qismi Dariya, Pamfiriya va baze shahrhoi yunonii Osiyoi Khurd sohib shudand. Soli 183 Pergam Galatiyaro ro zabt namud, vale badi shurishi galatho (168—167) boz onro az dast dod. Dar ahdi Attali II (160/159—138) va Attali III (138— 133) tasiri Rim purzur shuda, Pergam tadrijan mustaqiliyati khudro gum kard. Soli 129 to melod rimiho dar territoriyai muzofoti Osiyoro tashkil namudand.