Patriarkh

Patriarkh, (yunoni patriarches, az pater — padar va arch o — idora me- kunam), unvoni olii sarvaroni kalisoi mustaqili masehii pravoslavi dar yak qator mamlakatho. Patriarkh dar davrai tashakkuli sokhti feodali dar natijai ba sharqi (pravoslavi) va garbi (katoliki) taqsim shudani kalisoi masehi paydo shudaast. Dar Rossiya Patriarkh soli 1589 ta­sis shud. To in davr sarvari kali­soi rus mitropolit bud.

Bo rozigii kalisohoi sharqi (pravoslavi) ba sarvari kalisoi rus unvoni patri­arkh dodand, ki u badi patriarhoi sharqii Konstantinopol, Iskandariya, Antiokhiya va Baytulmuqaddashoi 5-umro ishgol kard. Patriarkhro anjumani ierarkhho az hisobi nomzadhoi tainkardai shoh intikhob menamud. Hokimiyati Patriarkh khususan dar davrai Nikon, ki mekhost mustaqil shuda khudro ba mutlaqiyat muqobil guzorad, khele purzur shud. Pyotri I bar ziddi mustaqiliyati kaliso baromada, badi vafoti Andrian soli 1721 unvoni Patriarkhro bekor kard. Patriarkh solhoi 1917—18 az nav tasis va Ti­khon (Belavin) patriarkh intikhob gardid. Holo patriarkhi kalisoi pra­voslaviya rus Pimen (az soli 1971) meboshad.