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Parlament

Parlament (anglisi parliament, Fransavi, parlement, az parler —guftan), dar davlatkhoi burjuazi muassisai olii namoyandagi. Avvalin marotiba dar Angliya dar asri 13 hamchun organi namoyandagii tabaqavi ba vujud omad; badi revolyutsiyahoi burjuazii asrhoi 17—18 ahamiyati kalon paydo kard. «Parlament» hamjun nomi khos ifodai muassisahoi namoyandagi dar Britaniyai Kabir, Fransiya, Italiya, Yapo­niya, Kanada, Belgiya, Hinduston va gayra meboshad; dar Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika va mamlakathoi Amerikai Lotini  Parlament (organi olii namoyandagi) — kongress, dar Shvesiya — riksdag, dar Finlyan­diya —• seym, dar Norvegiya — stor­ting va gayra nom dorad.

Sokhti dupalatagy va yakpalatagii Parlament az ham farq dorad. Davlathoe, ki sokhtashon federativist, Parlamenti dupalatagi dorand (Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika, Kanada, Respublikai Federativii Germaniya, Avstralii va gayra). Palatahoi poyoni dar Parlamenti dupalatagi va Parlamenti yakpalatagi bevosita intikhob meshavand; palatahoi boloi bo rohi intikhoboti bevosita va bavosita (Hinduston, Fransiya) tashakkul yofta, yak qismi azoyon muvofiqi vorisi va tainshavi mavqei khudro ishgol menamoyand (Britaniyai Kabir, Kanada). Dar pala­taho komitet yo komissiyahoe tashkil meshavand, ki peshaki loihai qonun  digar  masalahoro dida mebaroyad.

Dar aksariyati mamlakathoi ka­pitalisti sessiyai Parlament yak sol (bo tatilash) davom mekunad, deputatho muzdi kor megirand. yane parla­mentarhoi kasbi hisob meeband. Pralamenti dupalatagi ba mamlakathoi burju­azii Evropai Garbi mansub ast, chunki sistemam dupalatagi dar on jo hamchun sozishi muayyani bayni burjuaziyai) ayonu ashrof dar davrai revolyutsiyai burjuazi ba vujud omada bud.

Nashri qonunho, qabuli byujeti davlati, qonuni namudani shartno- maho, taini nazorati konstntutsioni va gayra vazifan Parlament meboshad. Dar mamdakathoe, ki hukumat dar nazdi Parlament masul ast, Parlament hukumatro tashkil karda, faoliyati onro nazorat mekunad. Dar baze {mamlakatho (Respublikai Federativii Germaniya, Italiya) intikhobi prezident vazifan Parlament ast. Ideologhoi burjuazi Parlamentro zuhuroti olii  demokratiya meshumorand. Dar Parlamenthoi davlathoi burjuazi aksariyatro namoyandagoni sinfhoi istimorgar tashkil mekunand.

Parlament dar asosi huquqi intikhoboti (purra yo qisman) tashkil meyobad. Tarzi tashkil va guzaronidani intikhobot imkon medihad, ki burjuaziya namoyandagoni haqiqii khalqro az ishtirok dar faoliyati Parlament dur sozad (masalan, dar kongressi Shtathoi Muttahidai Amerika korgaron nestand, dar hayatk Palatam obshinai Angliya, ki soli 1970 intikhob shudaast, hamagi 38 korgar buda, dar bundestagi Respublikai Federativii Germaniya korgaron khamagi 7%iro tashkil medihand). Shumorai namoyandagoni sinfi kor­gar kam boshad ham, doirahoi monopolistiro majbur mekunand, ki vazifahoi Parlamentro dar idorakunii davlati burjuazi mahdud sozad. Aksar Parlamentho khususiyati sirf sokhta doshta, dar idorakunii davlati burjuazi organhoi ijroiyai hukumat mavqei asosi dorand.

In organho faoliya­ti qonunguzorii Parlamentro niz nazorat mekunand. Parlament apparate nadorad, ki az boloi moshini puriqtidori byu­rokrati nazorat kunad. Kapitali monopolisti ba vositai partiyahoi siyosii khud, ki dar Parlament fraksiyakho dorand, kori onro ba manfiati khud ravon mekunad. Mavqei haqiqii Parlamentro dar hayoti siyosii har yak mamlakat tezutundii ziddiyathoi sinfi, munosibati fraksiyahoi partiyavi dar Pralament, darajai inkishofi idorahoi parlamenti, quvvayu nufuzi tashkiloti sinfi korgar mu mekunad. Nigared, niz Parlamentarizm.

Инчунин кобед

SADUDDINI HAMMUI Muhammad ibni Juvayni

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