Panturkizm

Panturkizm, ideologiyai bur­juazii millatchigiyu shovinistiest, k i muvofidi on khamai khalkkhoya turkzabon, pesh az hama, turkoni musulmom, yak millatand va boyad bo sarvarii Turkiya dar yak davlat muttahid shavand.

Panturkizm dar okhiri asri 19 va avvali asri 20 ba vujud omada, chun idomai turkizm (ideologiyai peshinai millatchigii burjuazii turk) inkishof yoft. On badi Revolyustiyai javonturkho (1908) va purzur shudani mohiyati irtijoni siyosati partiyai «Ittihod va taraqqi» nufuz paydo karda, dar arafai Jangi yakumi jahon joi turkizmro komilan megirad. Namoyandai avva­lin va asosguzori manavii P. Yusufboy Oqchur-ugli (Yusuf Akchu­rin) bud. Muvofiqi talimoti Panturkizm yak qismi millatho allakay kharob shudaand (yunoniyon, forsho va arabho), qismi digar ba intikho merasand (khalqhoi Evropa), seyuminashon (khudi turkho) inkishof meyoband.

Tartibi «yagonagii milli»-i hamai khalqhoi turkzabon, «afzaliyati najodi»-i onho nisbat ba khalqhoi digar niz iddaoi Panturkizm ast. Panturkizm istismori khalqhoi maydaro maqul donista, naqshahoi istilogaronai doirahoi irtijoai Turkiyaro haq mebarovard. Panturkizm Rossiyaro moneai asosii amali shudani naqshahoi khud medonist va bo bahonai «himoya»-i manfiathoi millii khalqhoi turkzaboni Rossiya bar ziddi Ros­siya muboriza meburd. Maslan, markazi muttahidai jamnyati panturkistho «Ittihod va taraqqi» (badi shikastkhurii Turkiya dar Jangi yakumi jahoni «Millii ittihod» nom giriftaast), tashkiloti aksulinqilobii millatchigii «Komiteti milli», «Soveti kishvarii musulmoni» («Shuroi islomiya») ba hamin maqsad tasis shudand.

Faoliyati in tashkilotho boisi gardid, ki yak qatar kormandoni partiyaviyu siyosi dar faoliyati khud ba millatchigi roh dodand. Sar zadani in khatoho besabab nabud. On vaqt muborizai sinfi bo ishtiroki quvvayu jarayonhoi mukhtalifi siyosi shiddat megirift; vazifahoi sokhtmoni sotsializm nav va murakkab budand; ta­siri ideologiyai burjuazii millatchigi va feodaliyu klerikali kalon bud, baze korkunoni organhoi partiyaviyu soveti boshand, tajribai kofii rohbari nadoshtand. Chunin vaziyat munosibati quvvahoi revolyutsioni va ijroiyaro purshiddat gardonda, ba muborizai ideologii jarayonhoi mukhtalifi siyosi tasiri kalon rasond.

Alalkhusus dar sohai adabiyot muborizai ideologi tezu tund shud. In muboriza nafaqat ba muqobili nodurustfahmin ahamiyat va mavqei adabiyoti navi sotsialisti, balki bar ziddi millatchigi, makhsusan panturkisti niz burda meshud. Badi galabai Revolyutsiyai Oktyabr dar Uzbekiston bo nomi «Chagatoy gurungi» («Suhbati ahli chagatoy») jamiyati adabie tashakkul yoft. Sarvari on panturkistoni millatchii burjuazi budand. A. Fitrat ilhom- bakhshi goyavi va tashkilotchii jam­iyati mazkur bud.

Nazariyotchiyoni on Revolyutsiyai Oktbrro «hodisai sof rusi» donista, aqidan ba davrai Chingiz va Temur bargashtan, qabul namudani zaboni peshinai sunii «chagatoy»-ro targib menamudand. Azoyoni jami­yati «Chagatoy gurungi» va «Qizil qalam» («Qalami surkh») az sahmi khalqi tojik dar khazinai manavii tamadduni jahoni, muborizai u ba muqobili ajnabiyon sarfi nazar karda, huquqi onro ba davlatdorii milli rad mekardand. Az in ru, muboriza ba muqobili Panturkizm va jarayonhoi digari millatchigii burjuazi sharti zarurii inkishofi respublikai javoni sovetii Tojikiston va adabiyoti on bud.

S. Ayni dar in muboriza faolona ishtirok kardaast. U dar maq. «Qobiliyati tashkilotii tojikon» (gazetai «Ovozi tojik», № 7, 1924), va digar asarhoi khud mohiyati khaqiqii Panturkizmro oshkor kardaast. Asarhoi mazkuri S. Ayni dar tartibi siyosati millii partiya khizmati kalon kardand. Chunki dar on vaqtho panturkiston ba muqobili taqsimoti milli igvo pahn mekardand va in siyosati millii partiyaro «parja-parja» kardani turkho meshumurdand va bar ziddi barpo shudani Respublikai Sovetii Tojikiston boshad, boz ham sakhtar igvo pahn mekardand. Asarhoi Ayni bo fakthoi tarikhy pardai on igvogaronro darrond va ba dahoni onho muhri khomushi zad.

Siyosati partiya dar in davra pesh az hama, ba on nigaronida shuda bud, ki tasiri targiboti Panturkizm bartaraf karda, dasturhoi siyosiyu ideologii onho fosh va barbod doda shavand. Dar halli in masala tadbirhoi Partiyai kommunisti ahamiyati kalon doshtand: mahv namudani nizoi baynalmilli ki onro quvvahoi aksulinqilobii dokhili va beruni dastgiri mekar­dand muborizai doimi ba muqobi­li millatchigi dar dokhili partiya,  ba muqobili naqshahoi khudsaronai peshvoyone, ki tasisi Partiyai kom­munistii alohidai «turki»-i Osiyoi Miyonaro mehostand; ba davohoi shovinistpi panturkiston muqobil guzoshtani programmai muayyani milli, ki tashkili davlatdorii millii mustaqil va mukhtor maqsadi olii on meboshad; az khurofothoi shovinistiyu millatchigi amin doshtani korkunoni partiyaviyu soveti. Partiyai kommunisti ba tufayli in tadbirho ommai mehnatkashonro dar atrofi khud muttahid namuda, kushishhoi irtijoii Panturkizmro barbod dod.

Panturkizm nufuzi khudro minbad dar doirahoi irtijoii Turkiya nigoh doshtaast. Namoyandagoni Panturkizm dar solhoi Jalgi duyumi jahon bo Germaniyai fashisti aloqa paydo karda, tashkiloti khud «Legioni Turkiston»-ro tasis va marakai ziddisoveti tashkil kardand, ki davat ba zabt namudani sarzamini soveti maqsadi asosii on bud. Az in ru, Panturkizs ba safi ideologiyai fashisti hamroh shud. Badi Jangi duyumi jahon doirahoi irtijoii Turkiya Panturkizmro chun yake az vositahoi asosii ba amal ovardani siyosati ziddikommunistii khud istifoda mebarand.

Ad.: «Mir Islama», t. 2, Vip. 9, SPB; 1913; Istoriya tadjikskogo naro­da, t. 3, kn. 1, M., 1964; Shari nov I.. Predposilki preobrazovaniya obshestven­nikh otnosheniy v Tadjikistane na puti nekapitalisticheskogo razvitiya, ch. 1, D., 1973; kh a m o p muall.. Preobrazova­nie sosialno-politicheskikh otnosheniy v Tadjikistane na puti nekapitalisti­cheskogo razvitiya, ch. 2, D., 1976.