Panislozim

Panislozim, ideologiyai diniyu siyosiest, ki islomro chun vositai tamin namudani umumiyati favqulmilli, favqulsinfii payravoni on istifoda burda, muttahidshavii siyosii musulmonhoro bo sarvarii khalifa az hama guna ittihodi digari davlatiyu siyosi avlotar medonad. Panislomizm chuy jarayoni siyosi dar solhoi 90 asri 19 tashakkul yoftaast. Dar ibtidoi asri 20 purzurshavii istismori kapitalisti, mustamlikagardonii mamlakatho boisi zuhur yoftani Panislomizm  gardidaast.

Zero mamlakathoi susttaraqqikardai Sharqi Miyona va Nazdpik ba fishori davlathoi imperialisti tob ovarda natavonista, dinro chun omili muttahidkunii musulmonon istifoda burdaand. Ide­ologi avvalini Panislomizm Jamoluddini Af­goani bud. Turkiya, ki mamlakati nisbatan taraqqikardai on davr bud, ba markazi olami islom tabdil yoft. Hokimoni turk khudro «khomiyoni ola­mi islom» elon karda, mekushidand Panislomizmro ba maqsadhoi siyosii khudtobei Turkiya kardani mamlakathoi musulmon istifoda barand. Ayonu ashrofi mahalli, qismi irtijoii ruhoniyoni musulmoni Osiyoi Miyona boshand, davohoi panislomii hokimoni turkro dastgiri mekardand.

Hifzi istiqloliyati davlathoi feodali va bunyodi markazu tashkilothoi siyosii musulmoni, ki meboist ba ustuvorshavii hukmronii feodalho musoidat mekard, mohiyati asosii Panislomizmro tashkil medod. Ideologhoi Panislomizmro baroi haq barovardani davohoi siyosii khud az chunin dalelho istifoda inaburdand: olami masehi (Garb) bo maqsadi nest kardani davlathoi musulmon ba muqobili Sharq alalkhusus, bar ziddi islom muttahid shudaand; islomro bad didan khislati khalqhoi masehist va gayra. Binobar in musulmonon bo maqsadi tamini istiqloliyati islom boyad ittifoqi himoyai musulmononi tamomi jahonro tashkil kunand.

Ammo targibi goyai dar asosi islom muttahidshavii musulmonon ba yakshavii millatu khalqiyathoi mazlumi Sharq va muborizai onho bar ziddi mustamlikakhohoni ajnabi khalal merasond. Dar ibtidoi asri 20 in ziddiyat boisi on gardid, ki Panislomizm mohiyati ziddimustamllkavii khudro gum karda, ba yaroqi goyavii peshbarii siyosati irtijoli sinfhoi hukmron tabdil yoft. In bud, ki payravoni Panislomizm dar Osiyoi Miyona bar ziddi Rossiya barkhosta, niyathoi mojarojuyonai Turkiyaro tarafgiri kardand.

Mohiyati irtijoii Panislomizm makhsusan dar arafai revolyutsiyai proletari ravshan zuhur yoft. Panislomizm ba moneai asosii mut­tahidshavii internatsionalii mehnatkashoni Osiyoi Miyona va proleta­riati Rossiya, tashakkuli shuuri revolyutsionii onho tabdil yoft. Sinf­hoi istismorkunamda mekhostand bo yorii Panislomizm muborizai ozodikhohii milli va sinfii mehnatkashonro ba muborizai  dini tabdil dihand. Ruhoniyoni musulmon bo in maqsad hamai musulmononi Osiyoi Miyonaro ba muborizai ziddi «kofiron» davat namuda, dar bayli khalqhoi gunogun tukhmi kinu adovat mekoshtand. Tashkilothoi burjuaziyu millatchigii «Shuroi islomiya» va aksulinqilobii «Shuroi ulamo» bo hamin maqsad tasis shuda budand.

Tashkilothoi mazkur dar vuqui jangi grajdani va harakati bosmachigari mavqei muayyani irtijoi doshtand. Alalkhu­sus, shiorhoi avomfirebonai onho dar borai «ozodii millat», «mukhtoriyati milli», «tashkili davlati yagonai islomi» va gayra ba bedorii shu­uri mehnatkashon moneae gardid. Mahz az hamil sabab soli 1917 az rui prinsipi milliyu dini dar Khujand «Ittifoqi deputathoi aqibgoh», «Ittifoqi Korgaroni rus», «Ittifoqi korgaroni musulmon», dar Sa­marqand «Ittifoq», dar Quqand «Ittifoqi musulmononi mehnatkash» va gayra tashkil karda shudand. V. I. Lenin mohiyati ziddikhalqii Panislomizm va ba in monand jarayonhoro oshkor sokhta, navishtaast, ki onho «…harakati ozodikhohii ziddi imperializmi Evropa va Amerikaro bo mustahkam namudani mavqei khonho, pomeshikon, mulloho va gayra payvast kardani meshavand» (Lenin V. I., As., d. 31, sah. 146). Partiyai kommunisti nishondodhoi V. I. Le­nin ro sarmashq karda, baroi muttahid namudani quvvahoi demokratii Osiyoi Miyona va az bandi tasiri boyu ruhoniyon raho namudani onho muboriza burd.

Inak, soli 1917 bo tashabbusi «Ittafoqi korgaroni rus» tamomi tashkilothoi mehnatkashoni millathoi gunoguni nohiyai shimoli Tojikiston dar yak tashkilot muttahid shudand. Ba millatu khalqiyathoi gunogun dodani khuquqi khudmuayyankuni, nest kardani hama guna imtiyozhoi milliyu dinii onho, khalqhoro na az rui mansubiyati diniyu mazhabi muttahid namudan, balki inkishofi mustaqilona va ozodonai onhoro tamin kardan, propagandai goyai dustiyu barodari, hamkoriyu yorii hamdigarii khalqho, ba muqobili taasubi dini va jarayonhoi irtijoi subotkorona muboriza burdan — in hama tadbirhoi sari vaqtiyu, muhimmi partiya budand, ki nakshahoi kha­tarnoki Panislomizmro barbod doda, onro chun ideologiyai irtijoi makhv kard.

Panislomizmro dar arafa va rafti Jangi duyumi jahoni ba yagonagii safhoi harakathoi ozodikhohii milli tasiri manfi rasonda, manfiathoi sinfii imperializmro dar Sharq hifz namudaast. On imruza ham moneai yakdilii khalqhoi Osiyo va Af­rika va inkishofi afkori jamiyatii mamlakathoi musulmon, tashakkuli shuuri khudshinosii sinfiyu millii onho meboshad.

Ad.: «Mir Islama», t. 2, v. 9, SPB, 1913; Istoriya tadjikonogo naroda, t. 3, in. 2, M., 198A; Sharapov I., Predpo­silki preobrazovaniya obshestvennikh ot­nosheniy v Tadjikistane na puti neka­pitalisticheskogo razvitiya, ch. 1, D.. 1973; kha mo i mu a l l.. Preobrazova­nie sosialno-politicheskikh otnosheniy v Tadjikistane na puti nekapitalisti­cheskogo razvitiya, ch. 2, D., 1976.