Paleografiya

Paleografiya (az paleo… va grafin), fanni yorirasoni tarikh, ki tarzi navisht, andoza, alomati obgun, oroishot, sarchashmahoi khatti, tagyiryobii harfho dar davrayu kishvarhoi mukhtalif va gayraro meomu­zad. Paleografiya inchunin az rui alifbo, sabku uslub, khat, imlo, kogaz, siyohi, hurufot, oroishot, nuskhahoi asli yo kitobatshuda, muqovabandi, sahhofi va gayra muallif, zabon, zamon va makoni talifi sarchashmahoi khattiro muayyan menamoyad.

Istilohi Paleografiyaro bori avval dar asri 18 olimi fransavi B. Monfokol ba kor burdaast. Paleografiya dar ibtido khatu matihoi dar ashyoi sakht sabtyoftaro nameomukht. Az nimai duyumi asri 20 sar karda tamomi sarchashmahoi khatti (katibahoi rui sang, lavhachaho, papirus va gayra) mavridi tadqiqi Paleografiya qaror giriftand. Holo Paleografiya yodgorihoi khattiro bo epigrafika, sfragisti­ka, numizmatika yakjoya meomuzad. Kriptografiya sohai makhsusi Paleografiya bu­da, bo tahqiqi khathoi makhsus mash­gul ast.

Paleografiya bo ilmhoi zabonshinosi, mayatshinosi, tarikh, tarikhi adabiyot, tarikhi sanat, khimiya, fizika va gayra aloqa doshta, dar halli bisyor masalaho ba onho yori merasonad. Masalan, malum shud, ki bori nakhust khalqhoi Osiyoi Miyona badi ba hayati davlati Hakhomanishiyon dokhil shudan bo khatu imlo shinos gashtaand.

Dar in joyho avval zabon va khati oromi pahn gashta, dertar az on sistemahoi khati porti, forsi, sugdi va khorazmi ba bujud omadand. In sistemaho dar Osiyoi Miyona va Eron to istiloi arab boqi mondand. Pas az istiloi arab dar Movarounnahr zabon va alifboi arabi jori gardid. Paleografiya az rui alifboyu zabon ba Paleografiyai yunoni, lotini, arabi, slavyaniyu rusi, armani, hindi, turki va gayra judo meshavad.

Paleografiyai arabi yodgorihoi bo hurufoti arabi ba zabonhoi gunogun navishtashudaro meomuzad.

Holo dar Tojikiston kormandoni AF respublika bo tadqiqoti paleograf mashguland.

Ad.:     Gafurov B. G., Tadjiki.

Drevneyshaya, drevnyaya i srednevekovaya istoriya. M.,        1972; Mukhtorov A.,

Epigraficheskie pamyatniki Kukhistana (XI—XIX vv.), kn. 1—2, D., 1978—79.