Paykand

Paykand yake az shahrkhoi qadimi vohai Bukhoro. Dimnai II. 35 kilometr durtar az Bukhoro dar samti Janubi Garb voqe gardida, vusati on to ba 20 gektar merasid. Paykand to istiloi arab yake az markazhoi kaloni tijoratii Osiyoi Miyona bud. Muarrikhoni asrhoi 9—10 Tabari, Narshakhi Paykandro shahri tojiron nomidaand. Paykand bo Khitoy va mamlakathoi Sharqi Nazdik aloqai tijorati dosht. Qarib har yak dehai vohai Bukhoro dar nazdi darvozahoi Paykand rabot doshtand, ki shumoraashon ziyodtar az hazor buda, baroi mudofiai Paykand az tokhtutozi qabilahoi turk dar in rabotho dastahoi musallah nigoh medoshtand.

Soli 706 istilogaroni arab bo sardorii Qutaybi ibni Muslim Paykandro du marotiba zabt va gorat karda, mudofioni shahrro ba qatl merasondand. Muvofiqi malumoti Tabari yagmogaroni arab dap in jo ganimati bisyore, az jumla bisyor zarfhoi tillo va nuq-ra, ba dast ovardaand. Paykand dar asrhoi 9—10 az nav barqaror gardida, nashunamo yoft; du bozor dosht. Paykand badi zavoli davlati Somoniyon ta- nazzul yoft.

Dar avvali asri 12 Arslonkhoni Qarakhoni dar Paykand qasr sokhta kushidaast, ki shahrro az nav barqaror kunad. Vale in kor barabas raftaast. Paykand dar asri 12 az beobi barham khurd. Dar solhoi 1913—14, 1939—40 va 1956 arkheologho dar in jo khafriyot guzaronida, tantahoi Kushoniyon, Sosoniyon va sugdiyon, porahoi masnuoti safoli va digar yodgorihoi madaniyati moddii Paykandro paydo kardand, ki baroi omukhtani hayoti iqtisodiyu ijtimoi va madanii aho­lii Paykand yori merasonand.