Pahlaviyon

Pahlaviyon, sulolai shohoni Eron (1925—1979). Rizoshohi Pahlavi (1878—1944) asosguzori Pahlaviyon bud. U diktaturai burjuaziyu pomeshikiro barqaror namuda, dar sohai zamindori, sud, moliya, savdo, madaniyat va gayra. islohot guzarond (1925—1930). Harakathoi demokratiro berahmona pakhsh, faoliyati Partiyai Kommunistii Eronro man karda (1931), siyosati shovinistiro pesh girift. Dar ibtidoi hukmronii Rizoshoh munosibati Eron bo SSSR qadre mutadil gashta, soli 1927 dar borai tamini betarafi shartnoma ba imzo rasid. Vale hukumati Pahlaviyon soli 1937 bo Germaniyai fashisti nazdik shu­da, ba takyagohi fashizm dar Sharqi Miyona va platsdarmi quvvahoi ziddisoveti tabdil yoft. Soli 1941 siyosati Rizoshoh shikaet khurd va 16 sentyabr u majbur shud, ki takhti shohiro ba pisarash Muhammad Rizoi Pahlavi voguzorad.

Dar ibtidoi hukmronii Muham­mad Rizo (1919—1*u980) harakati demokratiyu ziddifashisti vusat yofta, ittifoqhoi kasaba ba vujud omadand. Soli 1941 Hizbi tudai Eron (HTE) tashkil yoft. Badtar roli quvvahoi irtijoi boz afzuda, harakathoi demokrati taqib karda meshudand. Az soli 1945 harakathoi demokratii ziddifeodali va ziddiimperialisti az nav quvvat girif­ta, ozarboyjoniyu kurdhoi Eron ba­roi huquqhoi avtonomi muboriza sar kardand. Shoh HTE-ro parokanda karda, rohbaroni harakathoi demokratiro habs va ba qatl merasond. Soli 1949 ba konstitutsiya tagyirot darovarda shud, ki on khuquqi shohro boz ham ziyod kard. 29 oktyabri 1951 hukumati fronti milli tash­kil gardid, ki on agenthoi anglisro az mamlakat ronda, siyosati millikunonii neftro pesh shrift.

Soli 19513 irtijoi dokhili bo madadi ShMA va Angliya tabaddulot guzaronida, azoyoni hukumati milliro ba habs girift. Muhammad Rizo, ki ba khorija firor karda bud, ba Eron bargashta, taqibotro davom dod va dar iqtisodiyoti mamlakat mavqei kapitali khoriji (ShMA, Angliya)-ro mustahkamtar namud. Eron soli 1955 ba SENTO dokhil shud. 5 marti 1959 bayni Eronu ShMA shartnoman harbi ba imzo rasid. Solhoi 1960—1961 muborizai korgaron, khizmatchiyon, dyohqonon, donishjuyon, ziyoiyon, yak qismi burjuaziyai milli ba muqobili imperializmi ShMA va boqimondahoi feodali avj girift. Soli 1960 fronti milli faol shuda, azoyoni on baroi islohoti demokra­ti muborizaro purzur kardand. Baroi emin doshtani rejimi khud Muhammad Rizoshoh solhoi 60 yak qator islohot (islohoti obu zamin, millikunonii jangal, ba korgaron furukhtani yak qismi sahm (aksiya)-i korkhonaho, ba zanho dodani huquqi intikhoboti, mahvi besavodi va gayra) guzaronyada, onro «inqilobi safed» nomid. Shoh baroi nigoh doshtani mavqei khud solhoi 60—70 bo SSSR va digar mamlakathoi sotsialisti munosibati mu­tadil barqaror kard. Dar ahdi u bayni SSSR va Eron oid ba hamkorii iqtisodi, tekhniki, madani yakchand shartnomaho ba imzo rasidand.

Shoh va azoyoni oilaash boygarii mamlakatro azoni khud medonistand. Ishtirokchiyoni namoishu harakatho ba jazoyu taqibi politsini makhfi (Sozmoni amniyat va ittilooti kishvar— SAVAK) giriftor meshudaid. Soli 1977 dar bayni khalqi Eron harakatu shurishhoi ziddiamerikoi, ziddiimperialistiyu ziddishohi sar shud. Dar natija yanvari 1978

revolyu­tsiya sar zad. 10-11 fevrali 1979 namoyandai okhirini Parna Muhammad Rizoi Pahlavi sarnagun va 31 mart Eron respublikai islomi elon kar­da shud.

Ad.: Safari X.. Borba za revolyu­sionnoe demokraticheskoe obnovlenie, «•Problemi mira i sosializma». 1979.