PSIKhIATRIYa

PSIKhIATRIYa (az psikho… va yunoni iatreia — muolija, tabobat), yak sohai ilmi tibro guyand, ki sababu mohiyat, alomathoi zohiri, jarayon, etiologiya, patogenez va usulhoi peshgiriyu muolijai bemorihoi ruhiro meomuzad. Psikhiatriya ba Psikhiatriyai umumi va Psikhiatriyai khususi taqsim meshavad. Psikhiatriyai u m u m i qonuniyathoi asosii vayron shudani faoliyati ruhi va masalahoi umumii etiologiya, pa­togenez, tasnif va usulhoi tadqiqi onro, Psikhiatriyai khususi boshad, bemorihoi ruhii alohidaro meomuzad. Omuzishi bemorihoi ruhi hanuz dar davrai Buqrot ogoz yofta bud. U ba monandi bemorihoi digar dar natijai tasiri muhiti beruna ba organizm ba vujud omadani bemorihoi ruhiro bayon karda bud. Ba in fikr dar asarhoi Abuali ibni Sino ham ishora raftaast.

Psikhiatriya az okhiri asri 18 va avvali asri 19 cap karda chun ilmi mustaqil ru ba taraqqi nihod. Asosguzoroni Psikhiatriyai ilmi dukhturi italiyavi V. Kyaruji, olimi fransavi F. Pinel va digaron budand. Klinikahoi avvalini psikhiatri dar Rossiya dar nimai 2-umi asri 19 dar nazdi Akademiyai tibbiyu jarrohii Peterburg (I. M. Belin­skiy) va universitethoi Moskvayu (S. S. Korsakov) Qazon (A. U. Freze) tasis yoftand. Dar zaminai in kli­nikaho maktabi psikhiatrhoi rus (I. P. Merjeevskii, V. M. Bekhte­rev, V. P. Serbskiy va digaron) ba vujud omad. Taraqqiyoti minbadai Psikhiatriya dar asri 20 ba omuzishi psikhozho, shizofreniya va digar bemorihoi ruhi, istifoda burdani tahlili genetiki dar tashkhisi bemorihoi ruhi, ba kor burdani usulhoi navi muolija, daryoft kardani preparathoi navi tabobati va gayra vobasta ast.

Dar solhoi okhir dar natijai taraqqiyoti ilmi tib Psikhiatriya ba yakchand sohahoi mustaqil taqsim shud: Psikhiatriyai bachagon, Psikhiatriyai harbi, Psikhiatriyai sudi, Psikhiatriyai kalonsolon (gerontopsikhiatriya), psikhofarmakologiya va gayra.

Psikhiatrhoi tojik avvalin shu­da yak qator holathoi navi zuhuroti psikhopatologi va khelhoi psikhozhoi ekzogeniro tavsif namudaand. Onho mavjud budani psevdogalyutsinatsiyai funksionali, varianthoi faol va galyutsinatorii sindromi Kandinskiy, galyutsinatsiyai jismi gayr dar dahovu halq, varianti aneyroidii mayzadagi, sindromi avtomatizmi ruhi hangomi mayzadagi, maqomi kriminogeni va suitsidogenii sindromi Kandinskiyro bo malumoti nav asosnok karda, chorahoi peshgirii onhoro peshnihod namudand.

Psikhiatrhoi soveti dar Jamiyati umumiittifoqii nevropatologhoyu psikhiatrho (tasisash 1927), ki ba Assotsiatsiyai psikhiatrii umumijahoni (VVPA; tasisash 1961; 74 jamiyathoi milliro darbar me­girad) dokhil meshavad, muttahid gashtand. Masalahoi Psikhiatriya dar SSSR dar «Jurnal nevropatologii i psikhiatrii im. S. S. Korsakova» nashr meshavand.

Ld.: Kannabikh Yu., Istoriya psi­khiatrii, M., 1929; Yudin T., Ocher­ki istorii otechestvennoy psikhiatrii, M., 1951; Gulyamov M, G., Sindrom psikhicheskogo avtomatizma. D., 1905;

H a m o n  m u a l l. Epilepticheskie psi­khozi, D., 19/2; Gulyamov M, G„ Kha­sanov I. R„ Kolomies V. F.. Be­laya goryachka, D., 1970; Gulyamov M. G., Bessonov Yu, V., Suisidalnie i ag­ressivnie deystviya bolnikh shizofreniey s vedushim sindromom Kandins­kogo i puti ikh profilaktiki, M„ 1980,

M. G. Gulomov.